In strychnine poisoning

Solid unsaturated diol from water hemlock Ci-cuta virosa umbelliferus plant. Extremely poisonous. Pain and burning in stomach, nausea, vomiting, convulsions. As in strychnine poisoning. Swallowing impossible. Respiratory failure. Deadly 31 cases 14 died. Fatal dose unknown. 

In strychnine poisoning, convulsions occur due to antagonistic effects at receptors for (A) Aspartate... 

It is used mostly in the treatment of insomnia, as a basal anaesthetic and also in strychnine poisoning. 

The vomica extract or tincture is made from the seeds and is used as a central nervous system stimulant. Strychnine is an antagonist of barbiturates, and for this reason, the latter are used as antidotes in strychnine poisoning. 

Many birds such as sparrows, blackbirds, rice birds, grackles, and cowbirds can cause heavy loss of grain in rice fields. Because the use of poisoned baits in some countries is often restricted by law or popular opinion, the information presented does not constitute a recommendation on any specific chemical. The use of strychnine-poisoned rough rice (17, 18, 25) against blackbirds, grackles, cowbirds, and English sparrows, wherever the use of poison is permitted, can be effective. Many other toxic chemicals will kill these birds however, domestic poultry and game bird species are relatively much less susceptible to strychnine than to other toxic materials. Therefore, we have in strychnine a fairly effective selectivity which other toxic materials do not offer. 

Strychnine poisoning occurs from accidental and intentional ingestion and from misuse as a therapeutic agent. Doses of 5-7 mg cause muscle tighmess, especially in the neck and jaws, and twitching of individual muscles, especially in the little fingers. ... 

Strychnine poisoning may also occur from dermal exposure. In one recent case report a women experienced marked pain in the lower limbs, dermal sensitivity, and stif iess in her jaw 24 hours after cleaning up a strychnine spill. Strychnine was confirmed in the plasma and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ... 

Injection - Heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease cardiac arrhythmias brain tumor acute alcoholism delirium tremens idiosyncrasy to the drug increased intracranial or CSF pressure head injuries acute bronchial asthma upper airway obstruction. Because of its stimulating effect on the spinal cord, morphine should not be used in convulsive states (eg, status epilepticus, tetanus, strychnine poisoning) concomitantly with MAOIs or in those who have received such agents within 14 days. 

Soluble tablets for injection - Convulsive states such as those occurring in status epilepticus, tetanus, and strychnine poisoning. 

Opium Diarrhea caused by poisoning until the toxic material is eliminated from the Gl tract use in children (opium tincture only) convulsive states such as those occurring in status epilepticus, tetanus, and strychnine poisoning (Paregor/c only). Oxycodone ... 

Strychnine Used in medicine and in rat poisons. Dilated pupils, terrified expression, fixed grin, weak and feeble pulse, body arches so that it rests on the head and heels, then relaxes, the body shudders and collapse results... 

Strychnine competes with the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine producing an excitatory state characterized clinically by hyperreflexia, severe muscle spasms, and convulsions. However, the toxicokinetics after overdose have not been well described. In most severe cases of strychnine poisoning, the patient dies before reaching the hospital (Shadnia et al., 2004). 

Meier, J., Meunier-Durmort, C., Forest, C., Triller, A., Vannier, C. (2000). Formation of glycine receptor clusters and their accumulation at synapses. J. Cell. Sci. 113 2783-95. Migliaccio, E., Celentano, R., Viglietti, A., Viglietti, G. (1990). Strychnine poisoning. A clinical case. Minerva Anestesiol. 56 41-2. (In Italian)... 

Metabolic fate of strychnine in rats. Xenobiotica 19 171-8. Palatnick, W., Meatherall, R., Sitar, D., Tenenbein, M. (1997). Toxicokinetics of acute strychnine poisoning. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 35 617-20. 

The features of strychnine poisoning occur at 15-30 minutes after ingestion. They include heightened awareness, muscle twitches and spasms, and hypersensitivity to stimuli. In severe toxicity, painful generalized convulsions can occur without loss of consciousness. Respiratory arrest secondary to respiratory muscle spasm also occurs and is the usual mode of death. Prolonged muscular spasm can lead to hyperthermia, lactic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal insufficiency due to myoglobinuria. 

Oberpaur B, Donoso A, Claveria C, Valverde C, Azocar M. Strychnine poisoning an nnconunon intoxication in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 1999 15(4) 264-5. 

Reports claiming that Palmer had bought strychnine around the time of Cook s death, and claims by maids in attendance of Cook that food sent by Palmer had made them sick resulted in Palmer being the first man in British history to be tried for murder by strychnine poisoning. However, strychnine was never found in the body of John Parsons Cook and although this was blamed on an inadequate postmortem, many, including Cook s own doctor who was present at the time of death, believed that Cook had died of tetanus. 

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