In situ synthesized microarrays

Alternatively, microchip technologies offer other platforms for HTS such as microarrays and microfluidic devices. Microarrays allow the simultaneous analysis of thousands of parameters within a single experiment and for this reason have become cracial tools in drug discovery and life sciences research. They consist of immobilized biomolecules spatially addressed on planar surfaces, microchannels or microweUs, or an array of beads immobilized with different biomolecules. Biomolecules commonly immobilized on microarrays include oligonucleotides, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, proteins, lipids, peptides, and carbohydrates. Currently, in situ synthesized microarrays can be purchased or... 

It is important to keep in mind the nature of the protein under examination if a TF is being examined, then one needs to be sure to use dsDNA microarrays. Bulyk and colleagues have implemented PBMs on two different microarray platforms robotically printed microarrays, and in situ synthesized ohgonu-cleotide micro arrays. Each of these two different platforms has its own imique advantages and disadvantages that include both technical and community accessibility issues, as discussed below. 

As the density of information derived from efforts to sequence, map and identify human genes increased, so did the demand for analytical tools capable of exploiting this information. DNA microarrays were developed in response to this demand. Southern(69) was the first to describe parallel, in situ ohgonucleotide synthesis as a means of generating oligonucleotide probe arrays on solid supports for highly parallel hybridization analysis. Southern s method uses standard nucleotide synthetic reactions to synthesize the oligonucleotides. The reactions are carried out in a movable chamber, which provides a physical barrier between the reaction chamber and the intended synthesis area. 

Nucleic acid arrays are used in the research labs at F. Hoffmann-La Roche in two varieties. One is represented by the commercially available high-density oUgonn-cleotide arrays in which the samples are synthesized in situ and covalently bonnd to the substrate (Affymetrix ). The other is the so-called custom spotted arrays in which the droplets that contain different molecules are deposited on the substrate. If the nucleic acid sequence is known, but not available on a commercial chip, oligonucleotides are synthesized and deposited, hi cases for which the sequence is not known, microarrays of cDNA fragments or plasmids are used. 

Compounds synthesized in situ, directly on solid support Microarray formats for compounds synthesized in situ Detection methods used for screening Examples of applications... 

There are two formats of microarray oligonucleotide chips contain short (less than 60) nucleotides synthesized in situ on the solid support (1,2) and spotted DNA arrays where nucleic acids are robotically spotted onto a glass substrate (3). PCR product or plasmid DNA in 96/384-well format is transferred by specially engineered tips to multiple glass slides then dried and fixed to the glass substrate. 

---