In lake sediments

Provide an SOP for the determination of cadmium in lake sediments by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a normal calibration curve. 

Shukla, S.S. Kyers, J.K. Armstrong, D.E. Arsenic Interference in the Determination of Inorganic Phosphate in Lake Sediments. J. Environ. Quality, 1972, 1, 292-295. 

Koyama, T. (1963). Gaseous metabolism in lake sediments and paddy soils and the production of atmospheric methane and hydrogen, /. Geophys. Res. 68, 3971-3973. 

Takamatsu, T., Kawashima, M. and Koyama, M. (1985). The role of Mn-rich hydrous manganese oxide in the accumulation of arsenic in lake sediments. Water Res. 19,1029-1032. 

N02 did not accumulate in lake sediments under conditions where nitrate rapidly disappeared. The low levels of both nitrite and nitrosatable amines in natural waters, along with expected third order kinetics fc make extensive nitrosamine formation unlikely. The prospect has been discussed by Dressel. ... 

Brndler R, Renberg I, Appleby PG, Anderson NJ, Rose NL. 2001. Mercury accumulation rates and spatial patterns in lake sediments from west Greenland a coast to ice margin transect. Environ Sci Technol 35 1736-1741. 

Shannon R.D., White J.R. The selectivity of a sequential extraction procedure for the determination of iron oxyhydroxides and iron sulfides in lake sediments. Biogeochem 1991 14 193-208. 

Zhao XQ, Yang LY, Yu ZY et al (2008) Characterization of depth-related microbial communities in lake sediment by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified 16S rRNA fragments. J Env Sci 20 224-230... 

At least one of the organolead compounds has been shown to be a normal constituent of the aqueous environment. Tetramethyl lead has been found as a product of anaerobic bacterial metabolism in lake sediments [23]. It should perhaps be sought in the air over coastal mud flats. 

El-Daoushy, M. F. A. F., The determination of 210Pb and 226Ra in lake sediments and dating application, Uppsala, Sweden report UUIP-979 (1976). 

Hatcher, C.O., R.E. Ogawa, T.P Poe, and J.R.P. French, III. 1992. Trace elements in lake sediment, macrozoobenthos, and fish near a coal ash disposal basin. Jour. Freshwater Ecol. 7 257-269. 

Williams, S.L., D.B. Aulenbach, and N.L. Clesceri. 1977. Distribution of metals in lake sediments of the Adirondack region of New York state. Pages 153-166 in H. Drucker and R.E. Wildung (eds.). Biological Implications of Metals in the Environment. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Hanford Life Sciences Symposium at Richland, Washington, September 29-October 1, 1975. Energy Res. Develop. Admin. Sympos. Ser. 42, CONF-750929. 

After the Chernobyl accident, radiocesium isotopes were also elevated in trees and lichens bordering an alpine lake in Scandinavia and in lake sediments, invertebrates, and fishes (Table 32.18). Radiocesium levels in muscle of resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) remained elevated for at least 2 years (Brittain etal. 1991). People consuming food near this alpine lake derived about 90% of their effective dose equivalent from the consumption of freshwater fish, reindeer meat, and milk. The average effective dose equivalent of this group during the next 50 years is estimated at 6 to 9 mSv with a changed diet and 8 to 12 mSv without any dietary changes (Brittain et al. 1991). 

Eastwood, W. J., Pearce, N. J. G., Westgate, J. A., and Perkins, W. T. (1998). Recognition of Santorini (Minoan) tephra in lake sediments from Golhisar Golii, southwest Turkey by laser ablation ICP-MS. Journal of Archaeological Science 25 677-687. 

Inositol phosphate esters have been determined in lake sediments [15]. 

Stroll and Giger [16] have described a reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of detergent derived fluorescent whitening agent isomers in lake sediments. 

Wong and Kemp [52] have described a rapid automated procedure involving combustion at 2000°C for the determination of total nitrogen in lake sediments. 

Shulka et al. [75] investigated interference by arsenic in the spectrophotometric determination of inorganic phosphate in lake sediments. 

A rapid method for determination of total phosphorus in water samples by digestion with persulphate was introduced by Koroleff [83], but this method has not been widely used for sediment samples. Preliminary measurements of phosphorus in lake sediments using the persulphate digestion method gave considerably lower values than the perchloric acid method [84],... 

Determination of total phosphorus in lake sediments by ignition of samples in a muffle furnace at 550°C, boiling of the residue from ignition in lmol L 1 hydrochloric acid, and subsequent determination of orthophosphate gave approximately the same values as the perchloric acid digestion. 

Dobolyi and Bidlo [76] have described methods for the determination of phosphorus in lake sediments. Shulka et al. [75] investigated the interference by arsenic in the perchloric acid digestion procedure of Murphy and Riley [85] for the determination of phosphorus in sediments. Arsenite concentrations up to 20pg did not interfere but arsenate interfered. Between 1 and 45 pg arsenic g"1 was extracted from a lake sediment and in all cases the error in the determination of phosphorus due to the presence of arsenic was less than 1%. 

The method [97] discussed in section 12.8.1.1 for the determination of sulphur in soils has been applied to lake sediments. Landers [97] also determined organic sulphur (carbon bonded sulphur and ester sulphate) and inorganic sulphur (sulphate and sulphide) in lake sediments. Some results... 

Neutron activation analysis has been used to determine selenium in soil [144-148], Nadkarni and Morrison [149] estimated 47 elements in lake sediments and found 0.3-1.01pg selenium per gram using neutron activation analysis. Dong et al. [162] used mixtures of phosphoric acid, nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in the digestion of soils prior to the determination of selenium. 

Wiersma and Lee [164] determined selenium in lake sediments. The sample is digested with 4 1 concentrated nitric acid 6% perchloric acid and the residue treated with 6M hydrochloric acid then reduced with H PO. The fluorescing agent used was 2,3 diaminonaphthalene. 3 2... 

Jensen and Jernelou [52] reported that both mono and dimethylmercury (CH3Hg+ and (CH3)2Hg) can be produced in lake sediments. The gases evolved from incubated sediment samples were analysed for monomethyl mercury by conversion to methylmercury halide by means of gas chromatography, using electron capture and mass spectrometric detection. 

Stroll and Giger [1] have recently studied the bioaccumulation of three optical whitening agents in lake sediments obtained in Lake Griefensee, Switzerland. The compounds studied were ... 

Chau ASY. 1970. Analysis of mirex in lake sediments Problems and solutions. Environmental Science Research 16 141-144. 

Chau ASY, Babjak LJ. 1979. Column chromatographic determination of mirex, photomirex, and polychlorinated biphenyls in lake sediments. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 62(1) 107-113. 

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