In Alzheimer s disease and dementia

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Table 10.2 Potential therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer s disease and dementia... 

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FIGURE 12—21. Another version of the amyloid cascade hypothesis is the possibility that something is wrong with a protein that binds to amyloid and removes it. This protein is called APO-E. In the case of "good" APO-E, it binds to beta amyloid and removes it, preventing the development of Alzheimer s disease and dementia. 

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Pharmaceutical researchers in Japan find that an N-benzylpiperazine derivative stimulates acetylcholine neurotransmitter. This discovery subse-quentely leads to the discovery of donepezil (Ari-cept), which helps ward off memory loss in Alzheimer s disease and age-related dementias. 

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Passmore AP, Bayer AJ, Steinhagen-Thiessen E. Cognitive, global, and functional benefits of donepezil in Alzheimer s disease and vascular dementia results from large-scale clinical trials. J Neurol Sci 2005 229-230 1241-6. 

T. A., Romano, J.A., Jr., Adler, M. et al. (2008). Novel medical countermeasure of organophosphorous intoxication connection to Alzheimer s disease and dementia. In Chemical Warfare Agents Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics (J.A. Romano, Jr., B.J. Lukey, H. Salem, eds), pp. 219-32. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

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As discussed earlier, homozygosity for apo E2 is characteristic of type III famihal hyperlipoproteinemia. Homozygosity for apo E2 is a necessary but not sufficient condition for expression of the type III hyperlipoproteinemia a second gene defect or condition appears to be required to cause the characteristic hyperlipidemia. Heterozygosity for some rare apo E mutants may also be associated with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. The study of apo E variants has assumed greater importance in the last few years because of the association between the apo E4 allele and Alzheimer s disease and dementia. How apo E4 is related to these disorders is unknown. 

Fig. 4 Distribution and frequency of APOE genotypes in Alzheimer s disease and vascular dementia. (Adapted from ref. 19)...

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