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Immunomodulatory cytokines

Inhibition of immunomodulatory cytokines (Fig. 1) Anti-T-cell receptor antibodies Muromonab (OKT3, Orthoclone ) binds to the CD3 complex of the T-cell receptor and induces depletion of T-lymphocytes. It is applied to prevent acute rejection of kidney, liver, and heart allografts. Rapid side effects (within 30-60 min) include a cytokine release syndrome with fever, flu-like symptoms, and shock. Late side effects include an increased risk of viral and bacterial infections and an increased incidence of lymphproliferative diseases due to immunosuppression. [Pg.411]

RPE plays numerous functions essential for proper structure and function of retinal photoreceptors. They include the maintenance of the blood-retina barrier, selective uptake and transport of nutrients from the blood to the retina and removal of waste products to the blood, enzymatic cleavage of P-carotene into vitamin A, storage of vitamin A and its metabolic transformations, phagocytosis and molecular renewal of POS, expression and secretion of growth factors and immunomodulatory cytokines (Aizman et al., 2007 Aleman et al., 2001 Crane et al., 2000a,b Elner et al., 2006 Holtkamp et al., 2001 Leuenberger et al., 2001 Lindqvist and Andersson, 2002 Maminishkis et al., 2006 Momma et al., 2003 Strauss, 2005). [Pg.313]

The structure of the native immunostimulatory MDPs was found to be IV-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine. (/V-Acetyl muramic acid is a base component of bacterial peptidoglycan.) Native TDM is a potent pyrogen and is too toxic for general use as an adjuvant. The molecular basis underlining MDP s adjuvanticity remains to be fully elucidated. Administration of MDP, however, is known to activate a number of cell types that play direct/indirect roles in immune function, and induces the secretion of various immunomodulatory cytokines (Table 13.14). [Pg.414]

Table 13.14 Some cell types activated upon administration of MDP. Activation induces synthesis of a range of immunomodulatory cytokines by these (and other) cells... Table 13.14 Some cell types activated upon administration of MDP. Activation induces synthesis of a range of immunomodulatory cytokines by these (and other) cells...
The site as well as timing of therapeutic exposure to immunomodulatory cytokines can present an important issue. The cytokine gene therapy strategies predominantly but not exclusively involve... [Pg.139]

Stimulation of cell growth, and production or inhibition of apoptosis, as well as affecting many immune mechanisms (Renauld, 2003 Pestka et al., 2004). Notably, IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory cytokine. The IFN system is an important contributor to innate immunity with IFN-y serving as a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. The type II cytokine family is also comprised of both ThI and Th2 cytokines IFN-y is a ThI cytokine while IL-IO is a Th2 cytokine. [Pg.184]

Interleukin-12, an immunomodulatory cytokine, has potential effects in several cancer and infectious diseases. Although interleukin-12 was considered to be reasonably safe in early clinical trials, severe and sometimes fatal multiple organ adverse effects have been described in subsequent studies (SEDA-20, 336). This unexpected profile of toxicity was later shown to result from schedule-dependent toxicity, which occurred only in patients with cancer who received multiple high doses without an initial single dose of interleukin-12 (1). This severe toxicity has since been avoided. [Pg.1848]

Posttransplant immunotherapy is based on the graft-versus-tumor (CVT) effect caused by certain subsets of T cells responsible for eradication of malignant cells. Posttransplant immunotherapy includes the use of donor lymphocyte infusions, immunomodulatory cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, or antitumor vaccines. [Pg.2541]

Immunomodulatory cytokines have been used to stimulate nonspecific immune reactions against tumors. Over the last 10 years, cytokine gene transfer... [Pg.186]

To mimic a prominent loop of the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin la (IL-la), formed by residues 41-48, researchers s at Hoffmann-La Roche replaced the side chains of Leu-41 and Val-48 with a nonpeptide spacer. The purpose of this modification was to constrain the remainder of the loop segment so that it would maintain the proper distance and torsional angles. The 7-(2-aminoethyl)naphthalene-2-propionic acid (89) fragment was selected... [Pg.56]

Direct injection of DNA could also be used to vaccinate patients against pathogens as evidenced by the effects of direct injection of plasmid DNA encoding pathogen proteins or immunomodulatory cytokines [133,134], Direct injection may also be an effective way to systemicaUy dehver therapeutic proteins [135], For example, the incidence of autoimmune diabetes in a mouse model of the disease was significantly reduced in mice that were injected intramuscularly with DNA encoding IL-10, an immunosuppressive cytokine [136],... [Pg.286]


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