Variability, immunoglobulins

Stevens PW, Raffen R, Hanson DK, Deng YL, Berrios Hammond M, Westholm FA, Murphy C, Eulitz M, Wetzel R, Solomon A, et al. Recombinant immunoglobulin variable domains generated from synthetic genes provide a system for in vitro characterization of light-chain amyloid proteins. Protein Sci 1995 4 421-432. 

Orlandi, R., Gussow, D.H., Jones, P.T., and Winteg G. (1989) Cloning immunoglobulin variable domains for expression by the polymerase chain reaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 3833-3837. 

Immunoglobulin, variable and constant domains Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase Staphylococcal nuclease... 

Figure 31-5 The extensive conserved hydrogen-bonding pattern in an immunoglobulin variable domain provided by polar residues buried inside the VL and VH domains. (A) To facilitate orientation, prominent side chains are displayed here and identified by names and numbers in the same orientation as in (B). (B) Polypeptide chain backbones of both domains are denoted by heavy lines and hydrogen bonds by light lines. In addition to the regular interbackbone hydrogen-bonding network characteristic of antiparallel (3-sheets, there are hydrogen bonds provided by side-chain atoms. Note the two hydrogen bonds of Gln-38 (VL) and Gin-39 (VH) that span the domain—domain interface. From Novotny and Haber.75...

Abbreviations MBN, myoglobin MGN, myogen MHN, myohemerythrin RUB, mbredoxin ICG, immunoglobulin constant region IGV, immunoglobulin variable region PBN, prealbumin SDM, superoxide dismutase CON, conconavalin A CHT, chymotrypsin INS, insulin PTI, pancreatic trypsin inhibitor CB5, cytochrome b5 ... 

Ward, E S., Gussow, D., Griffiths, A. D., Jones, P T, and Winter, G. (1989) Binding activities of a repertoire of single immunoglobulin variable domains secreted from Escherichia coli. Nature 341, 544—546... 

The TCR is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is composed of an N-terminal immunoglobulin variable domain, an immunoglobulin constant... 

Bentley, D.L. Rabbitts, T.H. (1980). Human immunoglobulin variable region genes—DNA sequences of two VK genes and a pseudogene. Nature 288,730-733. 

Chuchana, P., Blancher, A., Brockly, F., Alexandre, D Lefranc, G., Lefranc, M.-P. (1990). Definition of the human immunoglobulin variable lambda (1GLV) gene subgroups. Eur. J. Immunol. 20,... 

Gorski, J., Rollini, P., Mach, B. (1983). Somatic mutations of immunoglobulin variable genes are restricted to the rearranged V gene. Science 220, 1179-1181. 

Rabbitts, T.H. (1978). Evidence for splicing of interrupted immunoglobulin variable and constant region sequences in nuclear RNA. Nature 275, 291-296. 

Seidman, J.G., Leder, A., Edgell, M.H., Polsky, F., Tilghman, S.M., Tiemeier, D.C., Leder, P. (1978). Multiple related immunoglobulin variable-region genes identified by cloning and sequence analyis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75,3881-3885. 

Tonegawa, S., Brack, C., Hozumi, N., Schuller, R. (1977c). Cloning of an immunoglobulin variable region gene from mouse embryo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 3518-3522. 

Zeelon, E.P., Bothwell, A.L.M., Rantor, F., Schechter, 1. (1981). An experimental approach to enumerate the genes coding for immunoglobulin variable-regions. Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 3809-3820. 

W11. Winkler, T. H., Fehr, H., and Kalden, J. R., Analysis of immunoglobulin variable region genes from human IgG anti-DNA hybridomas. Eur. J. Immunol. 22,1719-1728 (1992). 

H3. Hamblin, T. J., Orchard, J. A., Ibbotson, R. E., Davis, Z., Thomas, R W., Stevenson, F. K., and Oscier, D. G., CD38 expression and immunoglobulin variable region mutations are independent prognostic variables in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but CD38 expression may vary during the course of the disease. Blood 99, 1023-1029 (2002). 

Marks JD, Tristem, Karpas A, Winter G, Oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction amplification of human immunoglobulin variable genes and design of family-specific oligonucleotide probes, Eur. J. Immunol., 21 985-991, 1991. 

Immunoglobulin variable domain Tolerates loss of structural disulfide bridge Error-prone PCR... 

Wang, X. Stollar, B. D., Human immunoglobulin variable region gene analysis by single cell RT-PCR, J. Immunol. Methods 2000, 244, 217-225... 

Raphson minimizer vas used. A variation of this procedure has been used with success by Snov and Amzel (1986) to model immunoglobulin variable regions. 

Crespo M, Bosch F, Villamor N, et al. ZAP-70 expression as a surrogate for immunoglobulin-variable-r ion mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2003 348(18) 1764-1775. 

CD5+ B lymphocytes. Lymphocytes of type Bl-a, which are predominant in fetal lymphoid organs and in neonatal cord blood. In adults, these cells range from 2% to 6% of total mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. They utilize an immunoglobulin variable gene repertoire different from that of CD5 B cells and produce natural autoantibodies. The expansion of autoreactive Bl-a cells has been reported in peripheral blood of patients with autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome). In rheumatoid arthritis, these cells can account for up to 60% of circulating B cells and may produce rheumatoid factor. The pathological relevance of these observations is unclear, however. 

Idiotype. Unique, genetically controlled determinants present on immunoglobulin variable domains and that determine the... 

Immunoglobulin variable region genes are extraordinarily polymorphic, displaying a degree of genetic diversity paralleling that of the major histocompatibility com-... 

Immunoglobulins Variability in Structure Yields Versatility in Binding... 

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