Immunogenicity liposomes

Friede, M., Van Regenmortel, M.H.V., and Schuber, F. (1993) Lyophilized liposomes as shelf items for the preparation of immunogenic liposome-peptide conjugates. Anal. Biochem. 211, 117-122. 

Frisch B, Roth A, Schuber F. Synthetic peptide-based highly immunogenic liposomal constructs. Meth Enzymol 2003 373 51. 

Boeckler C, et al. Design of highly immunogenic liposomal constructs combining structurally independent B cell and T helper cell peptide epitopes. Eur J Immunol 1999 29 2297. 

Store the surface-modified, immunogenic liposomal vesicles at 4 1°C under nitrogen and protect from light until use. 

Jiskoot, W., Teerlink, T., Van Hoof, M. M. M., Bartels, K., Kanhai, V., CrommeUn, D. J. A., and Beuvery, E. C. (1986b). Immunogenic activity of gonococcal protein I in mice with three different lipoidal adjuvants delivered in liposomes and in complexes, Inf. Immun.. 54. 333-338. 

Figure 22.16 SMPB-activated liposomes may be modified with peptide hapten molecules containing cysteine thiol groups. The resultant immunogen may be used for immunization purposes to generate an antibody...

Purify the derivatized liposomes from excess peptide by gel filtration using a column of Sephadex G-75 or by dialysis. Store the immunogenic vesicles at 4°C under nitrogen or argon and protected from light until use. 

Yasuda, T., Dancey, G.F., and Kinsky, S.C. (1977) Immunogenicity of liposomal model membranes in mice Dependence on phospholipid composition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 1234-1236. 

Because conformational epitopes are not easily mimicked with linear peptides, which can elicit nonspecific antibodies, several alternative strategies such as synthetic cyclic peptides have been developed [see e.g., (18)]. A similar conformational restriction was seemingly achieved with a P-amyloid peptide that was anchored to the surface of liposomes via hydrophobic tails introduced at its both N- and C-termini. The reconstituted peptide proved highly immunogenic and elicited antibodies that could significantly prevent amyloid plaque formation in a model system (70). 

Frisch B, et al. Parameters affecting the immunogenicity of a liposome-associated synthetic hexapeptide antigen. Eur J Immunol 1991 21 185. 

Boeckler C, et al. Immunogenicity of new heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents used in the conjugation of synthetic peptides to liposomes. J Immunol Meth 1996 191 1. 

Brynestad K, et al. Influence of peptide acylation, liposome incorporation, and synthetic immunomodulators on the immunogenicity of a 1-23 peptide of glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus implications for subunit vaccines. J Virol 1990 64 680. 

Adamina M, et al. Encapsulation into sterically stabilised liposomes enhances the immunogenicity of melanoma-associated Melan-A/MART-1 epitopes. Br J Cancer 2004 90 263. 

The weakly immunogenic protamine sulfate USP (1) condenses DNA to form a toroid structure of super-coiled DNA about 50 nm in diameter (2). The DNA in this form or in the preformed LPDI complex cannot be displaced from the protamine by polycations such as spermidine and histones or by other nucleic acids like genomic DNA (2). DNA in this toroid structure is transcriptionally inactive and this conformation allows for protection of DNA from enzymatic degradation by nucleases and other environmental assaults such as mechanical stress (1,2). After the liposome surrounds the toroid, the resulting homogenous LPDI nanoparticles are slightly less than... 

To bridge this gap, liposomal transfection efficiency can be dramatically enhanced by the inclusion of peptides into the complex without increasing immunogenicity. Peptides can be selected to assist lipofection at each key stage of the process complex formation, cell targeting and uptake, endosomal disruption, and nuclear targeting. The purpose of this chapter is... 

The scientific community was attracted to the study of liposomes due to the relatively simple procedure of their preparation. Moreover, if prepared from natural phospholipids, they are biocompatible, and possess low cytotoxicity, low immunogenicity, and biodegradability [304], Liposomes, however, have two main disadvantages the structural instability both in vitro and in vivo, and low cell specificity [304], To increase the stability, the structure of the phospholipid layer has been modified to include artificial lipids and/or cholesterol. Polymerizable vesicles have also been prepared [305]. It is obvious that the biocompatibility of these modified systems has to be addressed. 

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