Immunocompromised patients organ transplantation

HCMV, a p-herpesvirus, is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS patients and organ transplant recipients [411]. Thus HCMV protease has become a viable target for antiviral chemotherapy [412, 413]. 

Ganciclovir Cytovene Treatment of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients also used to prevent CMV infection after organ transplants... 

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Herpesviridae family. HSV infection is endemic in the population. The primary symptom of infection is recurrent fever blisters. On occasion, infection can lead to more serious symptoms such as encephalitis and retinitis. In particular, immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing chemotherapy treatments or receiving organ transplants, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) victims are at particular risk of developing life-threatening complications due to reactivation of latent infections. 

Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for the development of cutaneous melanoma. Immunodehciency includes those individuals with ataxia telangiectasia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin s lymphoma, and immunosuppression following organ transplant. Acquired immunodehciency syndrome also has been shown to increase the risk of developing cutaneous melanoma. Personal history of nonmelanoma or melanoma skin cancers is a risk factor for subsequent melanoma. 

Cyclosporin suppresses cell-mediated immune reactions and some humoral immunity. It is indicated in the prophylaxis of organ rejection in kidney, liver, and heart allogeneic transplants in conjunction with adrenal corticosteroid therapy treatment of chronic rejection in patients previously treated with other immunosuppressive agents increased tear production in patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed because of ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (ophthalmic emulsion). Gengraf, Neorai Used for treatment of severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where disease is not adequately responsive to methotrexare treatment of adult, non-immunocompromised patients with severe, recalcitrant, plaque psoriasis who have failed to respond to a least one systemic therapy or in patients for whom other systemic therapies are contraindicated, or cannot be tolerated. 

Concerns have been raised about the use of adjuvanted pandemic vaccines in patients with immune disorders, such as immunodeficiency, autoimmune disorders, and solid organ transplants. To date, postmarketing surveillance has not found evidence for causality of any adverse reactions in such patients. Viral infections, such as influenza, can lead to severe complications in immunocompromised patients. 

Infections play an important role in solid organ transplantations. Besides the usual pathogenic organisms, immunocompromised patients are susceptible to infections with organisms that are normally not pathogenic or only sometimes pathogenic. 

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