Immunoassay, detection method

Chemiluminescence immunoassay,a technique that has rapidly gained popularity because its sensitivity is comparable to that of radioimmunoassay, is in a sense a variation of FIA. In the 1930s, the first work on chemiluminophores was published, but it was not until the 1980s that chemiluminescence was first tried in immunoassays. Due to the increased use of automated immunoassay analyzers, chemiluminescence has become one of the most common immunoassay detection methods used in the clinical laboratory setting. Chemiluminescence (also called bioluminescence when it occurs in fireflies and some dinoflagellates, coelente-rates, and fungi) is fluorescence. However, what is... 

FENG ETAL. Immunoassay Detection Methods for Alachlor... 

Although the use of CE in food analysis is limited compared with LC, many applications have been reported in recent years in the study of food proteins and peptides. It has been shown that the sensitivity provided by CE using LIE detection for bovine whey proteins is twice as good as that provided by UV detection, under the same separation conditions. LIF detection has also been used together with affinity interactions to enhance the detection sensitivity in CE. For instance, an immunoassay detection method has been described using a polyclonal antibody marked with fluorescein to determine lactoferrin. CE-LIF has also been applied to the determination of amines and amino acids in several samples such as wine and milk products. 

It is obvious from the provisional risk assessment values for microcystins, and, being of the same order of magnitude of mammalian toxicity, similar values may be calculated for the cyanobacterial neurotoxins, that sensitive detection methods are required to detect these low concentrations of toxins. Of the biological methods of detection discussed earlier, the mouse and invertebrate bioassays are not sensitive enough without concentration of water samples, in that they are only able to detect mg of microcystins per litre. Only the immunoassays (ng-/rg 1 and the protein phosphatase inhibition assays (ng O... 

Because the protein analyte is endogenous to the plant, it can be difficult to demonstrate the efficiency of the extraction procedure. Ideally, an alternative detection method (e.g., Western blotting) is used for comparison with the immunoassay results. Another approach to addressing extraction efficiency is to demonstrate the recovery of each type of protein analyte from each type of food fraction by exhaustive extraction, i.e., repeatedly extracting the sample until no more of the protein is detected. " ... 

The anti-DNA antibody has been used as a marker molecule of Systemic Lupus Erthematosus (SLE) which is a severe autoimmune disease. Enzyme immunoassay is the most reliable, widely used method of assay however, the electrochemical detection method reported here should be interesting for the purpose of a rapid and convenient diagnostic tool of SLE. 

Immunoassay Detection and assay of substances by serological (immunological) methods in most applications the substance in question serves as antigen, both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance. 

Generally, after isolation and before analysis, cocaine analytes and opioids are extracted with either liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods. Immunoassay detection techniques, however, often use the crude isolation solution. Baumgartner et al. noted that while isolating and extracting is the best... 

Detection by Immunoassay Immunoassay tecbniques (see p. 148) can often be very useful for otf-line detection. This involves the collection of the eluate in small fractions (1 ml perhaps) and the performance of a drug assay on each traction. A chromatogram is then constructed by plotting the assay results against the traction numbers. Such detection methods are clearly time-consuming but often achieve sensitivities and selectivities much higher than conventional detectors. In many cases biological fluids can be injected directly on to the column. 

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