Immunoassay chemiluminescence

Chemiluminescent Immunoassay. Chemiluminescence is the emission of visible light resulting from a chemical reaction. The majority of such reactions are oxidations, using oxygen or peroxides, and among the first chemicals studied for chemiluminescence were luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydro-l,4-phthalazinedione [521-31-3]) and its derivatives (see Luminescent materials, chemiluminescence). Luminol or isoluminol can be directly linked to antibodies and used in a system with peroxidase to detect specific antigens. One of the first appHcations of this approach was for the detection of biotin (31). 

In the most common method for chemiluminescent immunoassay (GLIA), after the immunological reaction and any necessary separation steps, the labeled compounds or complexes react with an oxidizer, eg, hydrogen peroxide, and an enzyme, eg, peroxidase, or a chelating agent such as hemin or metal... 

Analysis of Substances in the Gaseous Phase Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Spectrochemical Trace Analysis for Metals and Metalloids Surfactants in Analytical Chemistry Environmental Analytical Chemistry... 

H. Qi and C. Zhang, Homogeneous electrogenerated chemiluminescence immunoassay for the determination of digoxin. Anal. Chim. Acta 501, 31-35 (2004). 

Chemiluminescence detectors gas chromatography, 4 615 liquid chromatography, 6 450 Chemiluminescent immunoassay,... 

Chemiluminescent immunoassay systems, commercial, 14 151 Chemineer CD6 agitator, 1 739 Chemineer CD6 impeller, 16 673, 701, 703 Chemisorbed water, 23 71 Chemisorption, 1 583-584 for indoor air cleaning, 1 834 parameters of physical adsorption and chemisorption contrasted, l 583t Chemisorption chromatography, 6 405 Chemistry. See also Combinatorial... 

Analysis of Substances in the Gaseous Phase Chemiluminescence Immunoassay... 

In chemiluminescence immunoassay the antigen is tagged with a molecule such as luminol or an acridinium ester which emits light with a high quantum yield on oxidation. Alternatively, the antigen may be labelled with a bio-luminescent molecule such as luciferin, which emits light when oxidized by the enzyme luciferase. 

Methods based on chemiluminescent and bioluminescent labels are another area of nonisotopic immunoassays that continue to undergo active research. Most common approaches in this category are the competitive binding chemiluminescence immunoassays and the immunochemiluminometric assays. Chemiluminescence and heterogenous chemiluminescence immunoassays have been the subject of excellent reviews (91, 92). Detection in chemiluminescence immunoassays is based on either the direct monitoring of conjugated labels, such as luminol or acridinium ester, or the enzyme-mediated formation of luminescent products. Preparation of various derivatives of acridinium esters has been reported (93, 94), whereas a variety of enzyme labels including firefly or bacterial luciferase (70), horseradish peroxidase (86, 98), and alkaline phosphatase are commercially available. 

ABEI, N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethyl isoluminol CLIA, chemiluminescence immunoassay SPE, solid-phase extraction MSPD, matrix solid-phase dispersion RP, reversed phase. 

McNally et al. have applied supercritical fluid extraction chromatography to the determination of diuron and linuron in soil [442]. Schlaeppi et al. [443] have described an automated magnetic particle-based chemiluminescent immunoassay for the determination of trisulfuron in soil [462]. 

Zhang, R., K. Hirakawa, D. Seto, et al. 2005. Sequential injection chemiluminescence immunoassay for anionic surfactants using magnetic microbeads immobilized with an antibody. Talanta 68 231-238. 

Zhang, R., H. Nakajima, N. Soh, et al. 2007. Sequential injection chemiluminescence immunoassay for nonionic surfactants by using magnetic microbeads. Anal. Chim. Acta 600 105-113. 

Chemiluminescence immunoassay methods have many applications (Weeks, 1992). Highly sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassays were developed by Tsuji et al. (1989) for determination of enzymes (oxidases, peroxidase, glucose oxidase, P-D-galactosidase) as well as various hormones and drugs in biological fluids (Tsuji et al., 1989). 

Weeks, I. 1992. Chemiluminescence immunoassay. In Wilson and Wilson s Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, Volume XXIX. G. Svehla, Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam London New York Tokyo. 

Tl. Tsuji, A., Maeda, M., and Arakawa, H., Chemiluminescence immunoassay for steroid and thyroid hormone. Proc. Int. Cong. Clin. Chem. 12th, in press (1985). 

For instance, the next generation of RIA-gnost Ferritin was based on the coated tube technology which saved the manual transfer step of the anti-ferritin beads into the tubes. Further development led to semi- and fully automated assays based on enzyme / fluorescence and chemiluminescence immunoassays commercially available from several companies. 

An example for an anti-HBe test with a direct label is the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay ECLIA from Roche Diagnostics (automated on Elecsys immunoassay analyser), whereas the Im-mulite anti-HBe test from Diagnostics Products Corp. represents an enzyme-amplified chemiluminescence immunoassay with sustained signal (automated on the Immulite chemiluminescent system). 

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