Immunoadsorption

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Prednisone,1 vincristine, occasionally cyclophosphamide, mercaptopurine, or azathioprine commonly high-dose gamma globulin, plasma immunoadsorption or plasma exchange Usually good... 

This chapter will review recent developments in the use of antibodies in food characterization covering immunoassays, their development, application and value in ingredient identification (section 2), immunoadsorption or... 

Immunoadsorption, an advanced therapeutic modality, focuses on detoxification of patient blood rich in high-molecular-weight pathogenic substances, mostly abnormal autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and anti-DNA autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Detoxification of these pathogens will be accomplished through extracorporeal perfusion of the patient plasma or whole blood over an affinity column made of immunoadsorbents. These adsorbents perform their function through the same mechanism as conventional affinity adsorption, where proteins in the liquid phase are adsorbed on the specific ligands immobilized onto an insoluble support. 

A major problem associated with the current immunoadsorption is the low capacity of adsorbents, which can probably be attributed to the materials used as a solid support matrix. To solve this problem, an attempt was made to synthesize immunoadsorbents utilizing a solid support made of super fine PET microfibers [167,168]. The use of such a fibrous support has great advantages over the conventional matrices, because this fiber is very large in specific surface area, excellent in mechanical strength, and biosafe. 

Suzuki, K., The role of immunoadsorption using dextran-sulfate cellulose columns in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ther. Apheresis 4, 239-243 (2000). 

Suzuki S, Sakamoto S, Koide M, et al. Effective anticoagulation by argatroban during immunoadsorption therapy for malignant rheumatoid arthritis with a high polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase level. Thromb Res 1995 80 93-98. 

Membrane plasmapheresis is also the first step for treatment of pathological plasma in the case of autoimmune diseases, as the patient retains his own red blood cells while his plasma is replaced by an albumin solution or fresh frozen plasma obtained from donors (plasma exchange therapy). Other more selective plasma purification techniques consist in eliminating pathologic immunoglobulins or LDL cholesterol familial hypercholesterolemia, either by a secondary filtration, chemical adsorption or immunoadsorption. A description of various applications of plasmapheresis can be found in the book edited by Smit Sibinga and Rater [15]. 

ApoD is found in association with LCAT and with apoA-I in the HDL fraction. Albers et al. used a specific antibody to apoD to remove all apoD by immunoadsorption chromatography from plasma about 64% of LCAT activity and 11% of apoA-I were also removed from plasma (A14). Purified apoD has an apparent Mr of 32,500, and appears as three isoforms on isoelectric focusing (pi 5.20, 5.08, and 5.00) (A14). An HDL apolipoprotein, Mr 35,000, has been thought to be apoD, and to be a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (i.e., to transfer newly synthesized esterified cholesterol from HDL to LDL) (C8). Cholesteryl ester transfer activity in plasma was removed by polyclonal immunoglobulin to apoD (C8, F10). However, Morton and Zilversmit (M41) were able to separate apoD and lipid transfer protein (i.e., the cholesteryl ester transfer protein, or lipid transfer protein I) by chromatography, and they showed that the removal of apoD from plasma by precipitation with specific antisera did not remove any lipid transfer activity. Albers et al. (A14) also showed that immunoadsorption with antibody specific for apoD removed all the apoD from plasma without removing any cholesteryl ester transfer activity. 

Cher LM, Hochberg FH, Teruya J, Nitschke M, Valenzuela RF, Schmahmann JD, et al. Therapy for paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes in six patients with protein A column immunoadsorption. Cancer 1995 75(7) 1678—1683. 

Application Qearly one important application of microporous materials in which the effectiveness is critically dependent on the monodispersity of the pores is the sieving of proteins. In order that an ultrafiltration membrane have high selectivity for proteins on the basis of size, the pore dimensions must first of all be on the order of 25 - ioOA, which is the size range provided by typical cubic phases. In addition to this, one important goal in the field of microporous matmals is the attainment of the narrowest possible pore size distribution, enabling isloation of proteins of a very specific molecular weight, for example. Applications in which separation of proteins by molecular weight are of proven or potential importance are immunoadsorption process, hemodialysis, purification of proteins, and microencapsulation of functionally-specific cells. 

Vol. XXX [59]. Immunoadsorption of Ovalbumin Synthesizing Polysomes and Partial Purification of Ovalbumin Messenger RNA. R. T. Schmike, R. Palacios, D. Sullivan, M. L. Kiely, C. Gonzales, and J. M. Taylor. 

Schmaldienst S, Mullner M, Goldammer A, Spitzauer S, Bany ai S, Horl WH, Derfler K. Intravenous immunoglobulin apphcation following immunoadsorption benefit or risk in patients with autoimmune diseases Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001 40(5) 513-21. 

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