Immune state

Hypersensitivity (hypersensitivity reaction) refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system (Table 15.5). Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitised (immune) state of the host. Exposure may be by ingestion, inhalation, injection or direct contact. 

These data show that possible different immune states within the syndrome MD have to be more differentiated. The predominant pro-inflammatory, type-1 clominateclimmune state clesciibecl in MD maybe an idealtypic state reshicted to a majority of patients suffering from MD. Therefore, those and other methodological concerns have to be regarded carefiilly in future studies. 

Progress in immunological science has been driven by the need to understand and exploit the generation of immune states exemplified now by the use of modern vaccines. From almost the first recorded observations, it was recognized that persons who had contracted and recovered from certain infectious diseases were not susceptible (i.e. were immune) to the effects of the same disease when re-exposed to the infection. Thucydides, over 2500 years ago, described in detail an epidemic in Athens (which could have been typhus or plague) and noted that sufferers were touched by the pitying... 

Perdigon, G. and Alvarez, S., Probiotics and the immune state, in Probiotics, Fuller, R., Ed., Chapman Hall, London, 1992, p. 146. 

Humoral immune responses can be divided into two types primary and secondary responses, which reflect the cellular dynamics of the immune system and the immune state of the host. A primary response is caused by the first exposure to a given immunogen and results in the appearance of predominantly IgM antibodies after a relatively long lag period, followed by a peak and a decline of antibody formation. After a lapse of time, another exposure to the immunogen produces a quite different, secondary response which is characterized by a shorter lag period, a stronger response with predominantly IgG antibodies and, after a peak has been reached, a slower decrease. 

Because the potential difference between point (A) and (D) is 0.19 volt, the equilibrium concentration of HFe02 on the cathode should be about 10 5 mol/1. This means that the iron cathode with a hydrogen overvoltage of about 0.2 volt is in an immunity state. If the iron cathode is not polarized, the equilibrium concentration of HFe02 on the iron is about 10 2 mol/1 as determined at point (B), and the iron therefore corrodes. With an activated cathode of a small hydrogen overvoltage such as 0.12 volt, which corresponds to the difference between the potentials at (A) and (E), it becomes necessary to reduce the HFe02 concentration to less than 10 mol/1. 

Kurmukova NA, Kurbanov SD (1999) Evaluation of immune state condition of women with Inuterine Delayed Embro Development during the treatment with ecdysterone. Pediatriya (special edn) 250 (in Russitm)... 

The basic principle of all CP techniques is that the unwanted anodic corrosion reactions are suppressed by the application of an opposing current forcing the local anodes to be polarized to the potential of the local cathodes therefore stifling corrosion cells. If less than this amount of cathodic current is supplied some corrosion would still occur, but the level of corrosion would be less without any CP. From a thermodynamics point of view, the application of a CP current basically reduces the corrosion rate of a metallic structure by reducing its corrosion potential toward its immune state (see Figs. 4.14 and 4.17). The two main methods of achieving this goal are by either ... 

If not previously immunized, workers expected to come into contact with infectious agents for which prophylactic immunizations are available (including animal workers and glassware washing and custodial employees) should be evaluated for possible inclusion in an immunization program. This assessment can be made at the time of the initial medical examination, when the worker s immunization history should be checked for the basic immunizations (those required for admission to public school). Laboratory and safety personnel should be cognizant of the requirement for booster immunizations if required, and should be aware that the immune state does not confer absolute protection from catastrophic exposure to the infectious agent (see below). 

---