Immobilization mammalian

The first examples of immobilized microorganisms are discussed above and it can be predicted that when the technique for immobilizing mammalian cells developed further, systems analogous to those discussed in this paper may be used for studying basic cell metabolic phenomena as well as in sensitive biospecific analytical systems. 

Immobilized Cells and their Applications 223 Table 7.3 Recombinant proteins produced by immobilized mammalian and insect cells. 

Immobilized mammalian cells culture Monoclonal antibody Mouse hybridoma cells Entrapped in [108]... 

TES-32 is the most abundant single protein product secreted by the parasite. It is also heavily labelled by surface iodination of live larvae (Maizels et al., 1984, 1987), and is known by monoclonal antibody reactivity to be expressed in the cuticular matrix of the larval parasite (Page et al, 1992a). TES-32 was cloned by matching peptide sequence derived from gel-purified protein to an expressed sequence tag (EST) dataset of randomly selected clones from a larval cDNA library (Loukas et al., 1999). Because of the high level of expression of TES-32 mRNA, clones encoding this protein were repeatedly sequenced and deposited in the dataset (Tetteh et al., 1999). Full sequence determination showed a major domain with similarity to mammalian C-type (calcium-dependent) lectins (C-TLs), together with shorter N-terminal tracts rich in cysteine and threonine residues. Native TES-32 was then shown to bind to immobilized monosaccharides in a calcium-dependent manner (Loukas et al., 1999). 

An important factor in all these experiments is the choice of bead used to immobilize the probe. Biochemists have considered cross-linked agarose beads to be exceptionally hydrophilic with a low tendency to bind proteins nonspecifically, and these beads have the further attraction of being commercially available in activated forms (succinimidyl esters, epoxides, and maleimides, for example). However, early trials of bead-based chemical proteomics have shown that many proteins in mammalian cell lysates bind tenaciously to agarose beads. This was unimportant in many studies in which protein-protein interactions were detected by coimmunoprecipitation with immunochemical... 

The deprotected lactosides were evaluated as inhibitors against lectin binding in a solid-phase inhibition assay with immobilized ASF on the surface of microtiter plate wells, mimicking cell-surface presentation, while mammalian galectins-1, -3, and -5 were in solution. Strong multivalency effects and selectivity were observed for the... 

Biotransformations of morphinan alkaloids have been reported for plant, fungal, and mammalian enzymatic systems with emphasis on rather specific reactions such as the reduction of ketones, N- and O-demethylation, and perox-idative transformations. Furuya et al. used immobilized tissue culture cells of Papaver somniferum to accomplish the selective reduction of codeinone (135) to codeine (136) (207) (Scheme 30). Suspension cultures of a well-established cell line of P. somniferum were grown for one week as a source of cell mass for immobilization in calcium alginate. The cells continued to live in the alginate matrix for 6 months maintaining their biological activity. The reduction of co-... 

In addition to the studies mentioned above, fluorescence measurements have also been applied to many other areas such as mixing time studies/25 32) mammalian cell culture/331 and immobilized cell cultures/34-361... 

Attachment via affinity interactions. These methods are based on the high affinity of Fc receptors, such as protein A (PrA), protein G (PrG) or recombinant protein A/G, for the amino groups in the Fc region of antibodies. In these procedures, the Fc receptor is immobilized on a solid support and is the key element for the oriented immobilization of the antibody (Fig. 5b). However, not all Fc receptors have the same affinity to all IgG isotypes. PrA has been successfully used to bind the Fc portion of antibodies from many mammalian species, except for goat, sheep, cow and horse. PrG has some advantages over protein A, as it reacts with more IgG isotypes and to a lower extent with other immunoglobulins, such as human IgM and IgA. How-... 

Gel immobilized cells Mammalian cells Glucose 0.980 1.05 Chresand et at (1988)... 

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