Imipramine, in depression

Melton ST, Kirkwood CK, Farrar TW, et al (1997). Economic evaluation of paroxetine and imipramine in depressed outpatient. PsychopharmacolBull t >y 93-100. 

Feighner JP, Cohn JB, Fabre LF Jr, Fieve RR, Mendels J, Shrivastava RK, Dunbar GC (1993) A study comparing paroxetine placebo and imipramine in depressed patients. J Affect Disord 28 71-79... 

Preskorn, S.H., Weller, E., Hughes, C., and Weller, R. (1986) Plasma monitoring of tricyclic antidepressants defining the therapeutic range for imipramine in depressed children. Clin Neuropharma-col 9 265-267. 

Amore M, Belhni M, Beradi D, et al Double-blind comparison of fluvoxamine and imipramine in depressed patients. Current Therapeutic Research 446 815-820, 1989... 

Ware JC Increased deep sleep after trazodone use a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy young adults. J Clin Psychiatry 519 (suppl) 18-22, 1990 Ware JC, Brown FW, Morad PJ, et al Effects on sleep a double blind study comparing trimipramine to imipramine in depressed insomniac patients. Sleep 12 537-549, 1989... 

Hasan KZ, Akhtar Ml. Double blind clinical study comparing doxepin and imipramine in depression. Curr Ther Res 1971 13 327-336. 

Goldberg SC, Ettigi P, Schulz PM, et al. Alprazolam versus imipramine in depressed out-patients with neurovegetative signs. J Affect Disord 1986 11 139-145. 

Glassman AH, Johnson LL, Giardina EGV, et al. The use of imipramine in depressed patients with congestive heart failure. JAMA 1983 250 1997-2001. 

Baumhackl U, Biziere K, Fischbach R, Geretsegger C, Hebenstreit G, Radmayr E, Stabl M. Efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide compared with imipramine in depressive disorder (DSM-III) an Austrian double-blind, multicentre study. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1989 6 78-83. 

Claghorn JL. A double-blind study of maprotiline (Ludiomil) and imipramine in depressed outpatients. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1977 22 446. 

Jensen K, Fruensgaard K, Ahlfors UG, Pihkanen TA, Tuomikoski S, Ose E, Dencker SJ, Lindberg D, Nagy A. Letter Tryptophan/imipramine in depression. Lancet 1975 2(7941) 920. 

Perel JM, Hurwic MJ, Kander MB. Pharmacodynamics of imipramine in depressed patients. Psycho armacol Bull( 915 ) 11,16-18. 

Singh, A. N. and Saxena, B. (1976) Maprotiline (Ludiomil, CIBA 34, 276-BA) and imipramine in depressed outpatients a double blind clinical study. Curr. ther. Res., 79,451. 

Gupta, A. K. and Mankodi, M. A. (1976) Review of double-blind trials with Sintamil and imipramine in depression.. 4/irisepric, 73,193. 

Ciraulo DA, Jaffe JH Tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of depression associated with alcoholism. Clin Psychopharmacol 1 146—150, 1981 Ciraulo DA, Nace E Benzodiazepine treatment of anxiety or insomnia in substance abuse patients. Am J Addict 9 276—284, 2000 Ciraulo DA, Barnhill JG, Jaffe JH, et al Intravenous pharmacokinetics of 2-hydroxy-imipramine in alcoholics and normal controls. J StudAlcohol 51 366-372, 1990 Ciraulo DA, Knapp CM, LoCastro J, et al A benzodiazepine mood effect scale reliability and validity determined for alcohol-dependent subjects and adults with a parental history of alcoholism. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 27 339—347, 2001 Collins MA Tetrahydropapaveroline in Parkinson s disease and alcoholism a look back in honor of Merton Sandler. Neurotoxicology 25 117-120, 2004 COMBINE Study Research Group Testing combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions in alcohol dependence rationale and methods. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27 1107-1122, 2003a... 

Lapierre Y, Bentkover J, Schainbaum S, Manners S (1995). Direct cost of depression analysis of treatment costs of paroxetine versus imipramine in Canada. Can J Psychiatry 40, 370-7. 

In 1958, another agent, imipramine, was discovered by chance to have beneficial effects in depression. This compound is not a MAOI and its actions were first described as a complete riddle . Axelrod s group in Washington (Hertting, Axelrod and Whitby... 

Vorbach EU, Arnoldt KH, Hubner WD. (1997). Efficacy and tolerability of St. John s wort extract LI 160 versus imipramine in patients with severe depressive episodes according to ICD-10. Pharmacopsychiatry. 30(suppl 2) 81-85. 

Imipramine is the primary representative of typical tricyclic antidepressants. It acts by blocking the mechanism of renptake of biogenic amines. It does not inhibit MAO activity. Imipramine lessens sadness, lethargy, improves mood, and improves the mental and overall tone of the body. It is nsed in depression of varions etiology accompanied by motor cinmsiness and ennresis in children and Parkinson s disease. Primary synonyms of this drag are tofranil, snrplix, imizin, melipramin, and others. 

Lenox RH, Shipley JE, Peyser JM, Williams JM, Weaver LA (1984) Double-blind comparison of alprazolam versus imipramine in the inpatient treatment of major depressive illness. Psychopharmacol Bull 20 79-82... 

Bertolino, A., Crippa, D., di Dio, S., Fichte, K., Musmeci, G., Porro, V., Rapisarda, V., Sastre-y-Hernandez, M., and Schratzer, M. (1988) Rolipram versus imipramine in patients with major, minor, or atypical depressive disorder a double-blind study, double-dummy study aimed at testing a novel therapeutic approach. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 3 245-253. 

Puig-Antich, J., Perel, J.M., Lupatkin, W, Davies, M., and Goetz, D. (1987) Imipramine in prepubertal major depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44 81-89. 

Sovner et al. (1998) have done an excellent job summarizing the data on antidepressants in patients with developmental disabilities. There have been nine reports of antidepressant use in adults with depression and MR and three reports of antidepressant use in children and adolescents. Eight of nine reports in adults were positive. The drugs studied included nialimide (n = 27), fluoxetine (9), imipramine (6), amoxapine (2), and nortriptyline (1) (total n = 45). In addition, Sovner et al. identified four reports of antidepressant use in children. One involved successful treatment with fluoxetine in an adolescent, another indicated efficacy with imipramine and amitriptyline in 9 of 12 children (Do-sen, 1982), and a third showed successful management in 3 of 4 children treated with imipramine or tryptophan plus nicotinamide (Dosen, 1990). One study of fluoxetine in depressed children with autism and MR witnessed improvement in depression but not in compulsive symptoms (Ghaziuddin and Tsai, 1991). 

Some questions have been raised about the relative efficacy of the SSRls, particularly in severe depression. The pooled analyses of the data from blinded, controlled trials have tended to find similar levels of efficacy between the SSRls and the comparator TCA, imipramine. Paroxetine and fluvoxamine were both found in subanalyses of patients with severe depression included in large placebo- and imipramine-controlled studies to be more effective than imipramine in severe depression (S. A. Montgomery 1992a Ottevanger 1991 Tignol et al. 1992 Wakelin 1988]. However, imipramine may not be the TCA that is most effective in severe depression or may not have been used in the trials at an adequate dose. 

The advantage of venlafaxine in terms of more rapid onset of action is apparently only seen when the drug is escalated rapidly to the high dose. In a recent study comparing venlafaxine with imipramine in inpatients with severe depression, a significant difference was observed between the two active treatments by the second week [Benkert et al. 1996. ... 

Although postsynaptic DA agonists and presynaptic Dj autoreceptor antagonists share a common property of enhancing DA transmission, Dj autoreceptor agonists have been developed specifically to block DA transmission as an alternative approach to antipsychotic therapy (Benkert et al. 1992). A variety of such compounds are available (Seyfried and Boettcher 1990), four of which—talipexole, pramipexole, roxindole, and OPC-4392 —have been evaluated as antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients (Benkert et al. 1992). Only roxindole has been tested in depression, and then only in two uncontrolled pilot studies over 4 weeks of treatment (Benkert et al. 1992 M. Kellner et al. 1994). Response rates similar to those of imipramine were observed, with a fast onset of action in some patients. Roxindole s antidepressant action may lie in its ability to selectively stimulate supersensitive postsynaptic Dj receptors, and thereby enhance DA function, or in its additional properties as an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake and as a 5-HT, receptor agonist (Benkert et al. 1992 Seyfried et al. 1989). 

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