Idiosyncratic interactions

In both of the above examples, we used an anionic buffer (MOPS or cacodylate). The buffer anions have only repulsive interactions with RNA and can be grouped with chloride ions when calculating mean ion activities. Thus, we apply mean ionic activity coefficients measured with KC1 solutions to solutions in which K+ ions are contributed both by KC1 and K-buffer salts. We strongly advise against the use of cationic buffers such as Tris, because of its idiosyncratic interactions with nucleic acids as compared to group I ions, and particularly against mixing KC1 with Tris buffer, which creates a cationic mixture of unknown activity. 

Li AP. A review of the common properties of drngs with idiosyncratic hepato-toxicity and the mnltiple determinant hypothesis for the manifestation of idiosyncratic drng toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2002 142 7-23. 

Once the loading dose of the AED is administered, it is important to remember to initiate maintenance doses to ensure that therapeutic levels are sustained. Chronic and idiosyncratic side effects as well as potential drug interactions should be considered if the patient will continue AED therapy indefinitely. All drug therapy should be adjusted for any hepatic or renal disease states. Table 28-1 summarizes the drug doses used in SE, and Table 28-2 provides an example of an algorithm for the treatment of patients in SE. Published studies comparing these treatment strategies are summarized in Table 28-3. 

The extremely important feature of proteins is their idiosyncratic folds. When describing proteins the problem of all their folds is not solved just by the thermodynamic stability of the interactions between the amino acids much though this may be approximately true if we take the majority of proteins (see Lesk in Further Reading). 

Another source of variability, which can have still different characteristics, is comprised of the interaction of any of the above factors with a nonlinearity anywhere in the system. These nonlinearities could consist of nonlinearity in the detector, in the spectrometer s electronics, optical effects such as changes in the field of view, and so on. Many of these nonlinearities are likely to be idiosyncratic to the cause, and would have to be characterized individually and also analyzed on a case-by-case basis. 

Shenton, J.M., Chen, J., and Uetrecht, J.P. (2004) Animal models of idiosyncratic drug reactions. Chem. Biol. Interact., 150, 53, 2004. 

Collins, J.M. (2002) Idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 142, 3-6. 

Kalgutkar, A.S., Obach, R.S. and Maurer, T.S. (2007) Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 enzymes chemical mechanisms, structure-activily relationships and relationship to clinical drug-drug interactions and idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. Current Drug Metabolism, 8, 407—447. 

Galati, G., Tafazoli, S., Sabzevari, O., Chan, T.S. and O Brien, P.J. (2002) Idiosyncratic NSAID drug induced oxidative stress. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 142, 25-41. 

Service is a full-contact sport. It is people interacting with people in what has been termed a moment of truth. Because what happens in that moment of truth cannot be scripted or controlled, the secret to a successful service encounter is an employee empowered to meet the idiosyncratic needs of the consumer. Empowering employees to deliver superior service requires that the organization share with front-line employees... 

Competitive interactions among plant species obviously influence the relative abundance of species in an ecosystem and therefore the traits that are expressed at an ecosystem scale. The importance of plant combinations is not only through competitive interactions, but also in their ability to coexist. Species with different traits can differ in their resource utilization (in space, time, or the specific form of the resource), leading to an increased use of resources, and thus enhanced NPP (Tilman et al., 1996). However, this can be idiosyncratic, depending on the specific species in the combinations (Hooper, 1998). 

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