ICP Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

The amount of polymer adsorbed on each sample was measured by pressure filtration through a 0.1 m filter, followed by analysis of the filtrate for residual polymer by gel permeation chromatography with refractive index determination. Particle zeta potentials were measured by taking a small sample of the solids from the centrifuge and re-suspending them in the supernatant prior to analysis in a Malvern Instruments Zetasizer . The concentration of all other types of ions in the supernatant was analysed by ICP atomic emission spectroscopy. 

Iron metal can be analyzed by x-ray spectroscopy, flame- and furnace atomic absorption, and ICP atomic emission spectroscopy at trace concentration levels. Other instrumental techniques include ICP-mass spectrometry for extreme low detection level and neutron activation analysis. 

C. Schierle and M. Otto, Comparison of a neural network with multiple linear regression for quantitative analysis in ICP-atomic emission spectroscopy, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 344(4-5), 1992, 190-194. 

Aziz, A., Broekaert, J.A.C. and Leis, F. (1982) Analysis of microamounts of biological samples by evaporation in a graphite furnace and ICP atomic emission spectroscopy, Spectrochimica Acta, Part B, 37, pp369-379. 

The chemical composition of the catalysts was determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectroscopy using a Thermo Jarrell Ash Iris Advantage equipment. 

Inductively coupled plasma, ICP, atomic emission spectroscopy has made the determination of wear metals very easy and used oils can be scanned for the presence of at least 20 elements in less than 1 min. Wear trends can be obtained by comparing wear metals from a series of samples. However, it should be noted that the accuracy of the determination can be limited by the particle sizes present. 

As a double-check, the concentration of boron in aU DSDP samples was redetermined by ICP atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The chert samples were ground in a corundum mortar (Diamonite ) to pass a 200 mesh sieve, and were brought into solution following a modified version of the procedure of Nakamura et al (1992). About 200 mg of sample powder was reacted with HF, HNO3 and mannitol in sealed PFA Teflon ... 

ETV may also serve as sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-atomic emission spectroscopy (AES)/MS providing the possibility of in situ sample preparation by selective vaporization of different sample components, using appropriate heating programs. By the reduction/elimination of matrix components, spectral interferences can be minimized and matrix effects in the plasma decreased. 

Numerous specialized liquid chromatography (LC) systems and ion-exchange chromatography in particular have been used to determine a wide selection of minor components that include selenium, arsenic, molybdenum, chromium, and boron. Various detection systems have been employed, including AAS, ICP-atomic emission spectroscopy, electrochemical, and conductivity. A concentrator column can also be included inline. 

Floyd ICP Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Elsevier, [236] Amsterdam 1985. 

ICP-OES (or ICP-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, ICP-AES) systems excite atoms to emit analytically useful radiation using plasmas with temperatures of about 1000°C. Samples are first fused, dissolved in a solvent and then aspirated into the plasma flame. The element specific light emitted by the plasma is then viewed either radially (through the side of the plasma) or axially (through the... 

We at Bomem have extended the operation of the F.T. spectrometer from the very far infrared all the way to the visible and U.V. (5 cm to 45 000 cm ). In the visible detector and U.V. the question of whether radiation received by the detector is significant or not becomes pertinent when we attempt to do Raman or ICP atomic emission spectroscopy. It is evident that some prefiltering is necessary however the extent of this filtering has not yet been determined. 

To examine a sample by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) or inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES) the sample must be transported into the flame of a plasma torch. Once in the flame, sample molecules are literally ripped apart to form ions of their constituent elements. These fragmentation and ionization processes are described in Chapters 6 and 14. To introduce samples into the center of the (plasma) flame, they must be transported there as gases, as finely dispersed droplets of a solution, or as fine particulate matter. The various methods of sample introduction are described here in three parts — A, B, and C Chapters 15, 16, and 17 — to cover gases, solutions (liquids), and solids. Some types of sample inlets are multipurpose and can be used with gases and liquids or with liquids and solids, but others have been designed specifically for only one kind of analysis. However, the principles governing the operation of inlet systems fall into a small number of categories. This chapter discusses specifically substances that are normally liquids at ambient temperatures. This sort of inlet is the commonest in analytical work. 

ICP/AES. inductively coupled plasma and atomic-emission spectroscopy used as a combined technique... 

For inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) the sample is normally in solution but may be a fine particulate solid or even a gas. If it is a solution, this is nebulized, resulting in a fine spray or aerosol, in flowing argon gas. The aerosol is introduced into a plasma torch, illustrated in Figure 3.21. 

X-ray fluorescence, mass spectroscopy, emission spectrography, and ion-conductive plasma—atomic emission spectroscopy (icp—aes) are used in specialized laboratories equipped for handling radioisotopes with these instmments. 

R. K. Winge, V A. Fassel, V. J. Peterson, and M. A. Floyd. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy An Atlas of Spectral Information. Elsevier, Amsrerdam, 1985. ICP-OES specrral scans near emission lines usefol for analysis. 

Inductively coupled plasma with atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES)... 

Catalyst characterization - Characterization of mixed metal oxides was performed by atomic emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma atomisation (ICP-AES) on a CE Instraments Sorptomatic 1990. NH3-TPD was nsed for the characterization of acid site distribntion. SZ (0.3 g) was heated up to 600°C using He (30 ml min ) to remove adsorbed components. Then, the sample was cooled at room temperatnre and satnrated for 2 h with 100 ml min of 8200 ppm NH3 in He as carrier gas. Snbseqnently, the system was flashed with He at a flowrate of 30 ml min for 2 h. The temperatnre was ramped np to 600°C at a rate of 10°C min. A TCD was used to measure the NH3 desorption profile. Textural properties were established from the N2 adsorption isotherm. Snrface area was calcnlated nsing the BET equation and the pore size was calcnlated nsing the BJH method. The resnlts given in Table 33.4 are in good agreement with varions literature data. 

ICP-AES Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy... 

The metal content analysis of the samples was effected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES Varian Liberty II Instrument) after microwaves assisted mineralisation in hydrofluoric/hydrochloric acid mixture. Ultraviolet and visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) was carried out in the 200-900 nm range with a Lambda 40 Perkin Elmer spectrophotometer with a BaS04 reflection sphere. HF was used as a reference. Data processing was carried out with Microcal Origin 7.1 software. 

Table 21 reports the ash content and ash composition (determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, ICP-AES) for all of the calcined cokes used to fabricate the test graphites. It can be seen that the amount of ash and its make-up are variable, but are within the range observed for petroleum-based calcined cokes. Although the ash contents in all of the calcined cokes appear rather high, these materials may still be acceptable because many of the metallic species are driven off during graphitization. This aspect is addressed in the next section. 

FLAA, flame atomic absorption, is termed AAS in most instances in this book and in other places ICP, inductively coupled plasma AES, atomic emission spectroscopy GFAA, graphite furnace atomic absorption ICP-MS, ICP coupled to mass spectroscopy. 

ICP-OES—also sometimes referred to as ICP-AES for atomic emission spectroscopy) and ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) also see Chapter 15. 

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