Hypoxia intermittent

Kim D-K, Natarajan N, Prabhakar NR, Kumar GK. 2004. Facilitation of dopamine and acetylcholine release by intermittent hypoxia in PC 12 cells involvement of calcium and reactive oxygen species. J Appl Physiol 96 1206-1215. 

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is typically characterized by intermittent hypoxia/reoxygena-tion (IFIR), is a common finding in patients with heart failure and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease [62-64]. OSA has been shown to result in activation of selective markers of inflammation, which could be the basis of the molecular mechanism of the cardiovascular disease seen in these patients [65]. The OSA syndrome has been shown to significantly increase the risk of... 

Ryan S, Taylor CT, McNicholas WT. Selective activation of inflammatory pathways by intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Circulation. Oct 25 2005 112(17) 2660-2667. 

Clinical investigations of the use of vitamin E in treating vascular disorders associated with hypoxia have been more successful [194]. In intermittent claudication, Boyd, Ratcliffe, Jepson and James [195] reported a 78% improvement over a 6 month trial period, while Haeger [ 196, 197] observed significant increases in walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication receiving 300 mg a-tocopherol acetate per day for 2-5 years. This condition currently represents the most potentially useful clinical area for administration of the vitamin in pharmacological doses. 

Veasey SC, Zhan G, Fenik P, Pratico D (2004) Long-Term Intermittent Hypoxia Reduced Excitatory Hypoglossal Nerve Output. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170 665-672... 

Mallet, R.T., Ryou, M.G., Williams, A.G., Jr., Howard, L., and Downey, H.F. 2006. beta(l)-Adrenergic receptor antagonism abrogates cardioprotective effects of intermittent hypoxia. Basic Res. Cardiol. 101 436-446. 

At 20 °C, K = 10 - and so water of pH=8.1 in equilibrium with atmospheric O2 (p02 — 0.21 atm) has pe = 12.5. This conforms to surface conditions, but the pe decreases as the O2 content diminishes with depth. The oxygen minimum is particularly well developed beneath the highly productive surface waters of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, where there is a large flux of organic material to depth and subsequently considerable oxidation. The O2 becomes sufficiently depleted i.e., hypoxia) that the resulting low redox conditions causes NOs to be reduced to N02 - Aeolian transport of nitrate to Chesapeake Bay can lead to low O2 conditions. Similarly, intermittent hypoxia develops in parts of the Gulf of Mexico due to the riverine transport of nutrients derived from agricultural uses in the Mississippi catchment. 

Hermans, R. Longo, L. McGivern, R. Decreased postnatal testosterone and corticosterone concentrations in rats following acute intermittent prenatal hypoxia without alterations in adult male sex behavior. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1994,16 (2), 201-206. 

Pialoux V, Hanly PJ, Foster GE, et al. Effects of exposure to intermittent hypoxia on oxidative stress and acute hypoxic ventilatory response in humans. Am /Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 180(10) 1002-1009. 

Savransky V, Nanayakkara A, Vivero A, et al. Chronic intermittent hypoxia predisposes to liver injury. Hepatology. 2007 45(4) 1007-1013. 

Savransky V, Reinke C, Jun J, et al. Chronic intermittent hypoxia and acetaminophen induce synergistic liver injury in mice. Exp Physiol. 2009 94(2) 228-239. 

A potential cardioprotective role of HIF-la has been demonstrated in mice heterozygous for a knockout allele at the locus encoding HIF-la (HIFla+/-). Intermittent hypoxia resulted in protection of the isolated rat hearts against ischemia and reperfusion injury, in wild type and not in HIFla+/- animals.170... 

Z. Cai, D.J. Manalo, G. Wei, E.R. Rodriguez, K. Fox-Talbot, H. Lu, J.L. Zweier and G.L. Semenza, Hearts from rodents exposed to intermittent hypoxia or erythropoietin arc protected against ischemia-reperfusion injury, Circulation 108,79-85 (2003). 

Di Giulio C, Bianchi G, Cacchio M, Artese L, Piccirilli M, et al. 2006. Neuroglobin, a new oxygen binding protein is present in the carotid body and increases after chronic intermittent hypoxia. Berlin Springer-Verlag pp. 15-19. 

Zhao P, Xue J, Gu XQ, Haddad GG, Xia Y. 2005. Intermittent hypoxia modulates Na channel expression in developing mouse brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 23 327-333. 

Concomitantly, laboratory testing of peripheral blood may reveal an increased white blood coimt with increased polymorphonuclear leukocytes and immature forms consistent with an acute infection. Tests of pulmonary fimction often demonstrate both intermittent and persistent decreases in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volmne at 1 second (FEVi) and increased residual volmne (RV). Tests of small airway function are more markedly affected as the pulmonary disease progresses. Arterial blood gases may reveal hypoxia or hypercapnia as the disease progresses. 

Trotter, M. J., Chaplin, D. J., and Olive, P. L. (1991) Effect of angiotensin II on intermittent tumour blood flow and acute hypoxia in the murine SCCVII carcinoma. Ear. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 27, 887-893. 

Goldbatt A, Cheng ZJ, Brittian KR, et al. Intermittent hypoxia induces time-dependent changes in the protein kinase B signaling pathway in the hippocampal CAl region of the rat. Neurobiology of Disease. 2003 14 440-446. 

Martinive P, Defresne F, Bouzin C, Saliez J, Lair F, Gregoire V, Michiels C, Dessy C, Feron O. Preconditioning of the tumor vasculature and tumor cells by intermittent hypoxia implications for anticancer therapies. Cancer Res 2006 66 11736-11744. 

Cooper C, Liu GY, Niu YL, Santos S, Murphy LC, Watson PH. Intermittent hypoxia induces proteasome-dependent down-regulation of estrogen receptor alpha in human breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2004 10 8720-8727. 

Hoffman MS, Mitchell GS. Spinal 5-HT7 receptors and protein kinase A constrain intermittent hypoxia-induced phrenic long-term facilitation. Neuroscience 2013 250 632-43. 

A9 Annanurova, L. A. Effect produced by activators of nucleic acid and protein synthesis on adaptation to the intermittent action of high-altitude hypoxia. Farmakol. Toksikol. (Moscow), 37(2), 226-229, (1974) (Russ.)... 

Fig. 220. Unspecific endothelial surface enlargement after intermittent hypoxia. Hippocampus of a female Wistar rat (No. 5/5) treated for 4 consecutive days with intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 ml Ringer s solufion per kg body weighf x day. 30 min after each medication the animal was exposed to an atmosphere containing only 5 % oxygen for 30 min. Half an hour after the last exposure, under pentobarbital anaesthesia (30 mg/kg), the animal was perfused from fhe abdominal aorta with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4). Posffixafion wifh 1 % osmium tetroxide in sodium cacodylafe buffer. Embedded in Epon 812 and sec-fioned at 50 nm. Lead citrate and uranyl acetate. Eihn 242-39...

Intermittent hypoxia in guinea pigs induced paired cisternae in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the Purkinje cells (Palladini et al. 1976). A moderate degree of mitochondrial swelling was apparent in a few neurones. 

In response to intermittent hypoxia (4 % O2 5 % CO2), incubated cat carotid bodies released catecholamines (Wang and Fitzgerald 2002). The M2 muscarinic receptor agonist, methoctramine, enhanced the hypoxia-induced release of catecholamines during each exposure. 

Toffoli S, Michiels C (2008) Intermittent hypoxia is a key regulator of cancer cell and endothelial cell interplay in tumours. FEBS J 275 2991-3002... 

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