Hypothermia causing

Ethanol is a vasodilator, probably as a result of both CNS effects (depression of the vasomotor center) and direct smooth muscle relaxation caused by its metabolite, acetaldehyde. In cases of severe overdose, hypothermia—caused by vasodilation—may be marked in cold environments. Ethanol also relaxes the uterus and—before the introduction of more effective and safer uterine relaxants (eg, calcium channel antagonists)—was used intravenously for the suppression of premature labor. 

On the other hand, N-vanillyl-arachidonyl-amide (arvanil), a VRl receptor agonist, was 100 times more potent than AEA in producing hypothermia (Di Marzo et al. 2000), which indicates that hypothermia caused by cannabimimetic compounds may not (only) be due to the activation of CBi receptors. 

A general downgrading of normal health can also occur. Reports suggest that construction workers age prematurely due to hypothermia caused by working in the cold and wet. Respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma are also thought to occur at above average levels in construction workers. 

When administered intraperitoneaHy, sulfolane is excreted both unchanged and as 3-hydroxysulfolane [13031 -76-0] (24). Sulfolane injected intraperitoneaHy in mice and rats at 200—800 mg/kg at ambient temperatures of 15 and 25°C caused a dose-related inhibition of the metaboHc rate and hypoactivity, accompanied by hypothermia 60 min after injection. Despite their hypothermic condition these animals did not select a warm ambient temperature. Because sulfolane toxicity appears to be greater upon increased tissue temperature, the behavior of these animals seeking lower environmental temperature appears to enhance their chance of survival (25—28). 

Subcutaneous injection of 100—750 mg/kg sulfolane at an ambient temperature of 10°C also caused a dose-dependent decrease in colonic temperature of rabbits. MetaboHc rate remained unchanged during the initial phase of the hypothermia for all dose groups but peripheral vasodilatation, as indicated by an increase in ear skin temperature, was seen at the higher dose levels (29). 

One of the primary ways in which cold causes injury to cells is by the loss of the capability to regulate cellular volume. This occurs because of the decrease in the available energy (ATP) caused by hypothermia and ischemia which is needed by the membrane-bound ion pumps, the increased rate of leakage of ions through the plasma membrane, and the decreased activity of the membrane-bound ion pumps, especially the Na-pump. 

Cells are normally kept at osmotic (water activity) equilibrium by the action of the Na-pump. Inhibition of the pump with the specific Na -K -ATPase inhibitor, ouabain, causes cell swelling as does inhibition of it by hypothermia. The intracellular environment contains a high concentration of K (100 to 120 mM, in most mammalian cells), lower concentrations of Na (about 10 to 30 mM), and high... 

Attempts to diminish the overall metabolism of trichloroethylene might be useful (e.g., hypothermia, mixed-function oxidase inhibitors, competitive inhibitors of trichloroethylene metabolism [i.e., P-450 substrates]), if instituted soon enough after trichloroethylene exposure. Catecholamines (especially beta agonists) act in concert with trichloroethylene, increasing the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Hence, catecholamines should be administered to patients only in the lowest efficacious doses and for certain limited presentations of trichloroethylene poisoning. Ethanol should also be avoided because concurrent exposure to trichloroethylene and ethanol can cause vasodilation and malaise and may potentiate central nervous system depression at high dosage levels of either compound. 

Noladin ether (3) was recently isolated from porcine brain [16] and found to bind to the CBi receptor (/fj = 21.2 nM), to bind weakly to the CB2 receptor K, > 3 /iM) and it causes typical cannabinoid-like effects such as sedation, hypothermia, intestinal immobility and mild antinociception in mice [16]. This endocannabinoid had previously been synthesised independently by both Mechoulam and co-workers [176] and Sugiura et al. [173]. SAR studies of this endocannabinoid are lacking in the literature, however, a recent publication highlighted the importance of the tetra-unsaturated C20 chain... 

Hazards in addition to those taken for hydrogen gas should be taken when handling or storing LH2. Therefore, any LH2 splashed onto the skin or into the eyes can cause frostbite burns or hypothermia. Vents and valves in storage vessels and dewars may be blocked by accumulation of ice formed from moisture in the air. Excessive pressure may then result in mechanical failure with jet release of hydrogen and potentially in BLEVE. 

Thermal burns result from the radiant heat emitted by a hydrogen fire and absorbed by a person, which is directly proportional to many factors including exposure time, burning rate, heat of combustion, size of the burning surface, and atmospheric conditions (mainly wind and humidity). For instance, thermal radiation flux exposure level of 0.95 W/cm2 may cause skin burns in 30 s. Cryogenic burns may result from contact with cold fluids or cold vessel surfaces. Exposure to large liquefied hydrogen spills could result in hypothermia, if proper precautions are not taken [17]. 

Systemic effects of nickel exposure include hyperglycemia, increased levels of plasma glucagon, damage to the pancreatic islet cells, decreased body weight, reduced food and water intake, and hypothermia (NAS 1975 USEPA 1980 USPHS 1993). Acute administration of nickel salts caused prompt hyperglucagonemia and subsequent hyperinsulinemia in rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs (WHO... 

SuccessM treatment of PEA and asystole depends almost entirely on diagnosis of the underlying cause. Potentially reversible causes include (1) hypovolemia, (2) hypoxia, (3) preexisting acidosis, (4) hyperkalemia, (5) hypothermia, (6) hypoglycemia, (7) drug overdose, (8) cardiac tamponade, (9) tension pneumothorax, (10) coronary thrombosis, (11) pulmonary thrombosis, and (12) trauma. 

Octahydroindoloquinolizidine. Racemic octahydroindoloquinolizidine (1) improves muscle-tone-caused hypothermia and inhibits spontaneous motor activity (327). It has been shown that 1 and its 11-methoxy derivative are useful as antiphlogistics (328). 

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