Hypol

Third-generation high yield supported catalysts are also used in processes in which Hquid monomer is polymerized in continuous stirred tank reactors. The Hypol process (Mitsui Petrochemical), utilizes the same supported catalyst technology as the Spheripol process (133). Rexene has converted the hquid monomer process to the newer high yield catalysts. Shell uses its high yield (SHAC) catalysts to produce homopolymers and random copolymers in the Lippshac process (130). 

Hypol A process for making polypropylene, generally similar to Spheripol. Developed by Mitsui Petrochemical Company, Japan. 

Source Dow Chemical Company. 1978, Midland, MI, Hypol product literature. ... 

An activated carbon (Nuchar RGC Powder, 879-R-02) was supplied by the Chemical Division of Westvaco, Covington, VA. A slurry of the carbon was made in water and emulsified with a TDI-based hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer (Hypol 2002, Dow Chemical, Midland, MI). Immediately after mixing, the emulsion was grafted to a 30-ppi polyether polyurethane (Crest Foam T-30, Monachie, NJ.). The amount of carbon was determined gravimetrically to be 29% by weight. 

In the entrapment studies, a concentrated dispersion of the cells was mixed with an equal mass of prepolymer. For adsorption, the foams were prepared, washed, sterilized in an autoclave, then placed in suspensions of the algae for 14 days. The entrapped algae showed no respiration for the majority of the prepolymers including the TDI-based hydrophilic Hypol 2002. Only five of the prepolymers were thought to be acceptable they included the two MDI-based prepolymers (Hypol 4000 and 5000). 

Adsorption of the cells on the polyurethanes was more successful. The research focused on the two MDI-based prepolymers. In the inoculation phase, an immobilization yield of 70% was achieved. It should be noted that immobilization was observed in the large pores only. Hypol 5000 was thought to be the better of the two MDI-based prepolymers, but the reason was not hypothesized. While the production rates were lower than those of the free suspensions, the production was sufficient to be considered a viable technique. Table 5.5 presents the data. 

The same researchers studied glucose production using beta-glucosidase immobilized with the same hydrophilic foam (Hypol 2002). " The immobilized enzyme showed 95% retention of activity after 1000 hours of continuous use at 23°C. Co-immobilization with cellulase yielded a cellulose-hydrolyzing complex with a... 

In fact, HYPOl s fault was not surprising if one relates its framework (HYPOl was composed by one ad hoc defined aromatic-nitrogen-with-lone-pair vectorial feature to simulate the coordination interaction of azole inhibitors with the iron atom of the enzyme protoporphyrin system an three aromatic rings [34]) to the chemical structure and antifungal activity of the new compounds. The activity values of these molecules, in fact, were revealed to be strongly dependent on the presence of a hydrophobic substituent (possibly aliphatic) on... 

An especially interesting degradation is that of polymer 2.33 (This polymer was synthesized by the route in equation 8. The isocyanate prepolymer is Hypol 2000, and the diol prepolymer is PEG-1000.) The solid polymer was readily degraded by ambient laboratory light over the course of 5 h, and as degradation occurred the solid polymer was converted back into the liquid prepolymers ... 

HYPOL-immobilized A.azollae. After an initial decrease of cell contents, the foam pieces became densely populated with cells. It was found that the constant shaking of the conical flasks in which the cells and foams were incubated causes loss of cells at all exposed surfaces of the foam pieces, as they constantly mb against each other. A lower shaking frequency increased cell density on the foam pieces, but cannot be too low because of diffusion problems that then arise. This same effect was found with immobilisation on preformed polyvinyl (PR 22/60) foam. 

Hypol [Hyosung polypropylene] Also Hypol II. A process for making polypropylene, generally similar to Spheripol. Developed by Mitsui Petrochemical Company, Japan, and Hyosung Corporation, a South Korean conglomerate. 

Hypol [Grace]. TM for a family of hydrophilic polyurethane polymers derived from toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Foams with addition of water. Good fire retardancy, high additive loading. 

A water-retaining hydrogel (W. R. Grace s Hypol) illustrates the many possibilities of molecular engineering within the realm of PURs. In this case, a crosslinked polyol is treated with TDI, for example, to give a hydrophilic semisolid that can be employed as a carrier of medicinals for the treatment of surface wounds, fragrances in personal-care products, and so on. 

It has been demonstrated that a variety of enzymes exhibited enhanced mechanical and chemical stability when immobilized on a solid support, producing a biocatalyst. Munnecke first immobilized a pesticide detoxification extract from bacteria by absorption on glass beads. The absorbed extract retained activity for what was then a remarkable full day. Wood and co-workers, using isocyanate-based polyurethane foams (Hypol ), found that a number of enzymes unrelated to OP hydrolysis could be covalently bound to this polymer. Later, Havens and Rase immobilized a parathion hydrolase. Furthermore, Turner observed that polyurethane foams are excellent adsorption materials for OP such as pesticide vapors. ... 

Hypol . [WJR. Grace/Organics Grace Rexolin Chem. AB] Polyurethane prepolymers foamable hydrophilic prepolymers. 

Membranes. A 1-cm thick, approximately 5-mm-diameter disk of HYPOL nonwicking hydrophilic polyurethane foam was used in all experiments. Only disks... 

The other competing bulk propylene processes include the Mitsui Hypol process and the various offshoots of the El Paso (or Rexene) process. In 2005, ExxonMobil announced that they were licensing a propylene bulk process based on the loop reactor. The front end of the ExxonMobil process is similar to the Spheripol process with a single or double loop, but a fluidized-bed gas-phase reactor is used for impact copolymer instead of the stirred-bed gas-phase reactor in a typical Spheripol process. 

Figure 2.41 Mitusi Hypol process for polypropylene production.

The Mitsui Hypol process is based on two stirred autoclave reactors followed by two fluidized-bed gas-phase reactors (Figure 2.41). The gas-phase reactors are also used in homopolymerization, enabling polymer with better properties to be made. In the more up-to-date Hypol II process, the stirred autoclaves are replaced by loop reactors giving higher throughput and further reducing capital costs. 

Hypol Stirred autoclave (Hypol 1) Loop (Hypol II) Fluidized bed gas Fluidized bed gas Bulk/gas 65 75 30 35 2... 

Immobilization conditions Hypol FHP 2002 (PU), and polyvinyl foams (PV 50) were kindly supplied by W. R. Grace Ltd. and Calligen respectively. Cells of A. azollae and P. laminosum were immobilized either by adsorption (PU and PV) or by entrapment in the polyurethane prepolymer followed by polymerisation as previously describe (3). 

The economizer divider plate, support cylinder, cold leg flow distribution plate and feedwater box are subjected to a hypol etical feedwater line break during 100% power operation. The 1 suiting stresses in the structures are compared to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III allowables to determi ie their acceptance. 

Hypol, Hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymers, Hampshire Chemical Corp., Subs, of Dow Chemical... 

Gaseous polymerization of polyolefins is carried out in fluidized-hed reactors. The conversion per pass is kept rather low (order of 2%) so that the heat of polymerization is removed via convection by the unconverted reactants, which are cooled externally and recycled to the reactor. In some cases, an inert liquid is added to the feed so that its evaporation helps remove some of the heat of the reaction. The Unipol process is one of the most common processes used to carry out this gaseous polymerization. Other processes for producing polyolefins include Hypol, Novolen, Catalloy and Spheriline. 

Up to now, about twenty PP plants in Asia and America have been built with Mitsui s Hypol process. 

Similar to the Spheripol process, the Hypol process generates spheric granules, making possible the development of a nonpelletizing process. 

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