Hypokalemia hypotension

Adverse reactions occurring in 3% or more of patients include anemia, bullous eruption, confusion, constipation, dizziness, edema, fever, headache, hypokalemia, hypotension, increased wound drainage, insomnia, major/minor bleeding, nausea, purpura, rash, urinary tract infection, vomiting. 

In an attempt to conserve sodium, the kidney secretes renin increased plasma renin activity increases the release of aldosterone, which regulates the absorption of potassium and leads to kafluresis and hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is responsible in part for decreased glucose intolerance (82). Hyponatremia, postural hypotension, and pre-renal azotemia are considered of tittle consequence. Hypemricemia and hypercalcemia are not unusual, but are not considered harmful. However, hypokalemia, progressive decreased glucose tolerance, and increased semm cholesterol [57-88-5] levels are considered... 

Pamidronate -organic bisphosphonate inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts -hypotension -syncope -tachycardia -hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia -nausea and vomiting rarely... 

Adults. 3 g PO q6h x 4 PRN Supl 1-2 g IM or IV repeat PRN Preeclampsia/pre-mature labor 4 g load then g/h IV inf Cardiac arrest 1-2 g IV push (2-4 mL 50% soln) in 10 mL DjW AMI Load 1-2 g in 50-100 mL D5W, over 5-60 min IV then 0.5-1.0 g/h IV up to 24 h (ECC 2005) Feds. 25-50 mg/kg/dose IM or IV q4-6h for 3-4 doses repeat PRN dose w/ low urine output or renal insuff Caution [B, +] Contra Heart block, renal failure Disp Inj 10, 20, 40, 80, 125, 500 mg/mL bulk powder SE CNS depression, D, flushing, heart block Interactions T CNS depression W/ antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, barbiturates, hypnotics, narcotics EtOH T neuromuscular blockade Wf aminoglycosides, atracurium, gallamine, pancuronium, tubocurarine, vecuronium EMS Check for absent patellar reflexes this may indicate tox may cause hypokalemia (flattened T waves) and hypocalcemia OD May cause hypotension, resp arrest, T PR, QRS, and QT interval, AV block, and cardiac arrest calcium salts can be given to reverse resp depression... 

ASA, NSAIDs, food EMS Monitor ECG for hypokalemia (peaked T waves), esp in pts taking K-sparing diuretics may affect glucose (hypoglycemia) concurrent EtOH use can t adverse effects may cause posistent cough OD May cause profound hypotension give IV fluids... 

Uses Edema, HTN, CHF, h atic cirrhosis Action Loop diuretic -1- reabsorption of Na Cr in ascending loop of Henle distal tubule Dose 5-20 mg/d PO or IV 200 mg/d max Caution [B, ] Contra Sulfonylurea sensitivity Disp Tabs, inj SE Orthostatic -1- BP, HA, dizziness, photosens, electrolyte imbalance, blurred vision, renal impair Notes 20 mg torsemide = 40 mg furosemide Interactions t Risk of ototox W/ aminoglycosides, cisplatin t effects W/ thiazides t effects OF anticoagulants, antih5rpCTtensives, Li, salicylates X effects IT/barbiturates, carbamaz ine, cholestyramine, NSAIDs, phenytoin, phenobarbital, probenecid, dandehon EMS t Effects of anticoagulants monitor for S/Sxs tinnitus, monitor ECG for hypokalemia (flattened T waves) OD May cause HA, hypotension, hypovolemia, and hypokalemia give IV fluids symptomatic and supportive... 

The main side effects of ACE-inhibitors are cough, hypotension and angioneurotic edema, hypokalemia. Contraindications are stenosis of the renal arteries, kidney transplantation and pregnancy. 

Frequent serum electrolyte analysis is essential during therapy with the high-ceiling diuretics. Overdose may result in a rapid reduction of blood volume, dizziness, headache, orthostatic hypotension, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite are especially common with ethacrynic acid. 

Terbutaline is frequently used in the management of premature labor, although it has not been marketed for such use. Its effectiveness, side effects, precautions, and contraindications are similar to those of all P2-adrener-gic agonists. Terbutaline can cause tachycardia, hypotension, hyperglycemia, and hypokalemia. It can be given orally in addition to subcutaneous or intravenous administration. 

Abelcet-. Chills, fever, increased serum creatinine, multiple organ failure AmBisome-. Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, edema, abdominal pain, back pain, chills, chest pain, hypotension, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, fever, rigors, insomnia, dyspnea, epistaxis, increased liver/renal function test results... 

Amphotec Chills, fever, hypotension, tachycardia, increased creatinine, hypokalemia, bilirubinemia... 

Hypokalemia may develop rapidly when the effect of digitalis is reversed. Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia include muscle cramping, nausea, vomiting, hypoactive bowel sounds, abdominal distention, difficulty breathing, and orthostatic hypotension. 

Overdose may produce heart block, hypotension, hypokalemia, and tachycardia. 

Abnormalities of fluid and electolyte imbalance are the most common forms of clinical toxicity, overdose may result in rapid reduction of blood volume, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, headache, hypokalemia. 

Furosemide Loop diuretic Decreases NaCI and KCI reabsorption in thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the nephron (see Chapter 15) Increased excretion of salt and water reduces cardiac preload and afterload reduces pulmonary and peripheral edema Acute and chronic heart failure severe hypertension edematous conditions Oral and IV duration 2-4 h Toxicity Hypovolemia, hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension, ototoxicity, sulfonamide allergy... 

In addition to sinus tachycardia and tremor, vomiting is common after overdose. Hypotension, tachycardia, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia may occur, probably owing to B2-adrenergic activation. The cause of this activation is not fully... 

Uses Acute CHF, ischemic cardiomyopathy Action Inotrope w/ vasodilator Dose IV bolus 0.75 mg/kg over 2-3 min maint 5-10 mcg/kg/min, 10 mg/kg/d max i if CrCl <10 mL/min Caution [C, ] Contra Bisulfite allergy Disp Inj SE Monitor fluid, electrolyte, renal changes Interactions Diuretics cause significant hypovolemia T effects OF cardiac glycosides EMS Avoid diuretic use, can cause profound hypovolemia incompatible w/ dextrose solns monitor ECG for hypokalemia (flattened T waves) OD May cause profound hypotension use IV fluids w/ caution d/t fluid buildup in lungs, pressors may be used... 

T Effects W/ antihypertensives, cliazoxicle, nitrates, EtOH T effects OF ACEIs, Li T risk of hypokalemia W/ amphotericin B, corticosteroids, mezlocillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin effects W/ cholestyramine, colestipol, NSAIDs EMS Monitor ECG for hypokalemia (flattened T waves) T risk of photosensitivity Rxns use caution w/ other diuretics, may T risk of electrolyte imbalances and dehydration may affect glucose (hyperglycemia) OD May cause dehydration, hypotension, drowsiness, headache, and fatigue symptomatic and supportive, do not do anything that would force greater fluid loss (ie, induce V)... 

In addition to sinus tachycardia and tremor, vomiting is common after overdose. Hypotension, tachycardia, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia may occur, probably due to -adrenergic activation. The cause of this activation is not fully understood, but the effects can be ameliorated by the use of B-blockers (see below). Cardiac arrhythmias include atrial tachycardias, premature ventricular contractions, and ventricular tachycardia. In severe poisoning (eg, acute overdose with serum level > 100 mg/L), seizures often occur and are usually resistant to common anticonvulsants. Toxicity may be delayed in onset for many hours after ingestion of sustained-release tablet formulations. 

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