Renal Changes

The volume of urine is determined both by the fall in glomerular filtration rate and by the reduced tubular reabsorption of water. The balance determines whether renal failure, if it occurs, is oliguric or nonoliguric. Retention of sodium and water help to conserve body water and 

---

GoyerRA. 1985. Renal changes associated with lead exposure. In Mahaffey KR, ed. Dietary and environmental lead Human health effects. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. 

Richet G, Albahary C. Morel-Maroger L. et al. 1966. [Renal changes in 23 cases of occupational lead poisoning.] Bull Mem Soc Med Hop 117 441-466. (French)... 

Long-term lithium therapy is associated with a 10% to 20% risk of morphologic renal changes (e.g., glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial nephritis). 

Renal changes were not reported in rats, guinea pigs, or rabbits exposed to 25 ppm... 

Based on the calculated Maximum Dietary Exposure (MDE) of PAEs, and the Non Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) calculated from the available toxicology evidence, mainly hepatic, renal changes and reproductive toxicity in animals [88, 89,130-133], and making an uncertainty factor between 100 and 200, the EFSA panel calculated the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for DBP, BBP, DEHP,... 

Severe renal changes have been reported in oral studies using rats some of these effects have been seen only in male Fischer 344 rats as opposed to female rats or mice of either sex. In 13-week studies in rats, histologic changes, including tubular degeneration, were seen in the kidneys of all males dosed with... 

Eievated ANA titers Positive ANA titers have occurred. They have been reversible upon cessation of treatment and may disappear even with continued therapy. Carefully evaluate patients who develop an abnormal ANA test and, if persistent or worsening elevation of ANA titers is detected, consider discontinuing therapy. Renai/Hepatic changes Renal changes have been observed in the rat following 6 months of oral administration of propafenone at doses of 180 and 360 mg/kg/day (2 to 4 times the maximum recommended human dose). Both inflammatory and noninflammatory changes in the renal tubules with accompanying interstitial nephritis were observed. 

Vyskocil A, Senft A, Viau C, et al. 1994a. Biochemical renal changes in workers exposed to soluble nickel compounds. Hum Exp Toxicol 13 257-261. 

Uses Acute CHF, ischemic cardiomyopathy Action Inotrope w/ vasodilator Dose IV bolus 0.75 mg/kg over 2-3 min maint 5-10 mcg/kg/min, 10 mg/kg/d max i if CrCl <10 mL/min Caution [C, ] Contra Bisulfite allergy Disp Inj SE Monitor fluid, electrolyte, renal changes Interactions Diuretics cause significant hypovolemia T effects OF cardiac glycosides EMS Avoid diuretic use, can cause profound hypovolemia incompatible w/ dextrose solns monitor ECG for hypokalemia (flattened T waves) OD May cause profound hypotension use IV fluids w/ caution d/t fluid buildup in lungs, pressors may be used... 

Renal changes have been evaluated following chronic oral exposure of rats and mice to stannous chloride. The studies involved here have been described under Hepatic Effects. Vacuolar changes in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney were significantly increased in rats administered stannous chloride as compared with controls (Schroeder et al. 1968). However, in 14 day, 13 week, and 105 week studies of stannous chloride in rats and mice, no treatment-related nonneoplastic renal changes were reported (NTP 1982). 

Proximal tubule epithelial degeneration is the major renal change observed in humans after inhalation exposure to organotin compounds. Similar changes have been observed in animals following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure to organotins. As with the hepatic changes, the possibility that tin compounds may cause renal effects at hazardous waste sites must be considered. 

Q6 Comment on the microvascular and renal changes which may occur in diabetes. 

Impaired insulin. TSmall dense LDL Renal changes and adipokine profile (tTNFa, tlL6, Tadiponectin)... 

MUd to moderate reduction in creatinine clearance with rises in serum urea and creatinine were reported in 14% of patients receiving carboplatin in a dose of 400 mg/m for gynecological malignancies. Of the patients who received carboplatin 400 mg/m with vincristine but without hydration for lung cancer, 19% developed renal changes. 

Fine DM, Garg N, Haas M, Hafizur Rahman M, Lucas GM, Scheel PJ, Atta MG. Cocaine use and hypertensive renal changes in HIV-infected individuals. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 2(6) 1125-1130. 

Rodier M, Ribstein J, Parer-Richard C, Mimran A. Renal changes associated with cyclosporine in recent type I diabetes mellitus. Hypertension 1991 18 334-340. 

Cardenas A, Roels H, Bernard AM, Barbon R, Buchet JP, Lauwerys RR, Rosello J, Ramis I, Mutti A, Eranchini I, Eels LM, Stolte H, De BroeME, NuytsGD, Taylor SA, Price RG. Markers of early renal changes induced by industrial pollutants. II. Application to workers exposed to lead. Brit J Ind Med 1993 50 28-36. 

Studies on the predictive value of renal changes other than microproteinuria are needed to assess the validity of this biological exposure index. It is interesting to note that suggestive evidence of excess of neurotoxic complaints has been shown in Cd smelter workers from the Balen plant before signs of Cd-induced microproteinuria occurred [133]. 

Morphological studies of renal changes in post mortem material Optic microscopic, immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies of renal biopsies... 

Morphological studies of renal changes in post mortem material... 

---