Hydrophilic membrane applications

Fig. 14 Water-soluble CCVJ, hydrophobic CCVJ farnesyl ester (FCVJ) for cell membrane applications [88], and hydrophilic CCVJ triethyleneglycol ester (CCVJ-TEG) [89]...

Batzl-Hartmann C, Hurst L, Maas R (2002) Method for the improvement of parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA) by using an additional hydrophilic membrane. German Patent Application 4. 

Membranes such as NC supported on glass may be more applicable for protein microarrays than glass substrates. Supported charged nylon membranes for microarrays are currently entering the marketplace as well. The essential ingredient for protein is water. Protein hydration reduces the likelihood for surface denaturation. Hydrophilic membranes allow proteins to... 

Porous Membrane DS Devices. The applicability of a simple tubular DS based on a porous hydrophobic PTFE membrane tube was demonstrated for the collection of S02 (dilute H202 was used as the scrubber liquid, and conductometric detection was used) (46). The parameters of available tubular membranes that are important in determining the overall behavior of such a device include the following First, the fractional surface porosity, which is typically between 0.4 and 0.7 and represents the probability of an analyte gas molecule entering a pore in the event of a collision with the wall. Second, wall thickness, which is typically between 25 and 1000 xm and determines, together with the pore tortuosity (a measure of how convoluted the path is from one side of the membrane to the other), the overall diffusion distance from one side of the wall to the other. If uptake probability at the air-liquid interface in the pore is not the controlling factor, then items 1 and 2 together determine the collection efficiency. The transport of the analyte gas molecule takes place within the pores, in the gas phase. This process is far faster than the situation with a hydrophilic membrane the relaxation time is well below 100 ms, and the overall response time may in fact be determined by liquid-phase diffusion in the boundary layer within the lumen of the membrane tube, by liquid-phase dispersion within the... 

Katoh et al. [3] prepared w/o emulsions composed of salt solution, polyglycerin polyricinolate (PGPR) at 2%wt and com oil. It has been proven that the disperse-phase flux was increased 100-fold using a hydrophilic membrane pretreated by immersion in the oil phase. This made the membrane emulsification system practical for large-scale production of a w/o emulsion in food application. 

The thermal process is perhaps the most universally applicable of all the phase inversion processes because it can be utilized over the widest range of both polar and nonpolar polymers. However, its commercial use for membrane applications will probably be restricted to polyolefins, particularly polypropylene. A large number of the substances can function as latent solvents (Table X). They usually consist of one or two hydrocarbon chains terminated by a polar hydrophilic end group. Therefore, they exhibit surface activity which may explain their ability to form the emulsion-like Sol 2 micelles at elevated temperatures. One latent solvent which is worthy of special mention because of its broad applicability is N-Tallowdiethanolamlne (TDEA). 

Some of the earlier reported applications, incorporating the membrane and reactor in the same unit were by Kita and coworkers [3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19]. Kita et al [3.16] used a batch reactor system containing flat, asymmetric hydrophilic membranes (polyetherimide. 

Ionic polymers are hydrophilic. Those of moderate ion content swell on contact with water and those of high ion content dissolve, unless they are cross-linked. With moderately ionic polymers, which swell without dissolving, the hydrophilicity has the advantage of making the structure more permeable to ions for ion-exchange. The hydrophilicity of moderately ionic polymers leads to another type of membrane application, that of reverse osmosis. 

Specific modification of hydrophilic membranes can be used to remove the light alcohols methanol and ethanol from their mixtures with other organics. The selectivity of these membranes is not as high as in dehydration processes, but sufficient for effective and economical large-scale industrial applications. One such plant for the removal of methanol from an organic azeotrope has been described [16]. 

The methoxy group is a protective group and can be converted into a hydroxyl group after polycondensation. In this way, the hydrophilic character of the polymer can be controlled in particular for fuel cell membrane applications [22],... 

Maximous, N., Nakhla, G. and Wan, W. 2009a. Comparative assessment of hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane fouling in wastewater applications. 339(1-2) ... 

Novel composite hydrophobic/hydrophilic membranes made specifically for the MD process were prepared and successfully tested for desalination application by DCMD. This was achieved through blending different types of SMMs into PEI, a hydrophilic polymer. 

Khayet, M., Mengual, J.l. and Matsuura, T. 2005b. Porous hydrophobic/hydrophilic composite membranes Application in desalination using direct contact membrane distillation.. 7 Memh. ScL 252 101-113. 

---