Direct-contact membrane distillation

Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD), in which the membrane is in direct contact with the liquid phase on both sides... 

Gilron, J., Song, L. and Sirkar, K.K. (2007) Design for cascade of crossflow direct contact membrane distillation. Industrial ej Engineering Chemistry Research, 46, 2324-2334. 

Membrane distillation - photocatalysis To solve the problem of membrane fouling observed in the pressure-driven membrane photoreactor, Mozia et al. [90] studied a new type of PMR in which photocatalysis was combined with a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). MD can be used for the preparation of ultrapure water or for the separation and concentration of organic matter, acids and salt solutions. In the M D the feed volatile components are separated by means of a porous hydrophobic membrane thanks to a vapor-pressure difference that acts as driving force and then they are condensed in cold distillate (distilled water), whereas the nonvolatile compounds were retained on the feed side. 

Moreover, in direct contact membrane distillation, a minimum value ofthickness is required to keep the difference of temperature across the membrane. Generally, in membrane distillation materials with low thermal conductivity are also required to reduce the heat loss through the membrane-self. Pore-size distribution also plays an... 

Figure 20.2 Different types of membrane contactors, (a) stripper/ scrubber, driving force difference of concentration (b) liquid-liquid extractors, driving force difference of concentration (c) removal of volatiles/gases from liquids, driving force difference of partial pressures (d) direct contact membrane distillation, driving force difference of partial pressures (e) supported liquid membranes, driving force difference of concentrations.

Cath T and Childress A, Experimental study of desalination using direct contact membrane distillation A new approach to flux enhancement. 14th Annual Meeting of North American Membrane Society, Jackson Hole, WY, May 17-21, 2003. 

Direct contact membrane distillation is a form of membrane distillation in which both the heated feed (liquid) and cold permeate (liquid) are kept in contact with porous hydrophobic membrane (Figure 19.1). In the absence of hydrostatic pressure difference, liquid-vapor interfaces are formed at the entrance of each membrane pore, and a vapor pressure difference is maintained on both sides of the membrane by applying a temperature difference. Water molecules evaporate from the hot liquid-vapor interface, diffuses through the membrane in the form of vapor, and get condensed on the permeate hquid-vapor interface kept at... 

Phattaranawik, J., Jiraratananon, R., and Eane, A.G. Effects of net-type spacers on heat and mass transfer in direct contact membrane distillation and comparison with ultrafiltration studies, J. Membr. Sci., 217, 193, 2003. 

Pemandez-Pineda, C., Izquierdo-Gil, M.A., and Garcta-Payo, M.C. Gas permeation and direct contact membrane distillation experiments and their analysis using different models, J. Membr. Sci. 198, 33, 2002. 

Lagana, F., Barbieri, G., and Drioli, E. Direct contact membrane distillation Modeling and concentration experiments, J. Membr. Sci., 166, 1, 2000. 

Li, B. and Sirkar, K.K. Noval membrane and device for direct contact membrane distillation-based desalination processes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, 5300, 2004. 

D. Hou, J. Wang, X. Sun, L. Zhaokun, C. Zhao, and X. Ren, Boron removal from aqueous solution by direct contact membrane distillation, J. Hazard. Mater. 177 (2010) 613-619. 

Hendren ZD, Brant J, and Wiesner MR. Surface modification of nanostructured ceramic membranes for direct contact membrane distillation. J. Membr. Sci. 2009 331 1-10. 

Khayet, M., Treatment of radioactive wastewater solutions by direct contact membrane distillation using surface modified membranes, Desalination, 321, 60, 2013. 

Khayet, M., Mengual, J.L, Zakrzewska-Trznadel, G., Direct contact membrane distillation for nuclear desahnation Part II—Experiments with radioactive solutions, J. Nucl. Desalin. 2(1), 56, 2006. 

M. Qtaishat, T. Matsuura, B. Kruczek, M. Khayet, Heat and mass transfer analysis in direct contact membrane distillation. Desalination 2008, 219, 272-292. 

Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is an effective process applied for the concentration of dissolved matter in water solutions. The process can be considered a feasible method for liquid radioactive waste treatment and, in some cases, it can effectively serve in reducing the hazard connected with its toxicity. 

Khayet, M., Matsuura, T. and Mengual, J.l. 2006. Design of novel direct contact membrane distillation membranes. 192 105-111. 

Buigoyne, A. andVahdati, M.M. 2000. Direct contact membrane distillation. Sep. ScL Technol. 35 1257-1284. 

Fujii, Y, Kigoshi, S., Iwatani, H. and Aoyama, M. 1992. Selectivity and characteristics of direct contact membrane distillation type experiments. 1 Permeability and selectivity through dried hydrophobic fine porous membranes. 22 53-72. 

Qtaishat, M., Rana, D., Khayet, M. and Matsuma, T. 2009a. Preparation and characterization of novel hydrophobic/hydrophilic polyetherimide composite membranes for desalination by direct contact membrane distillation. 327 264—273. 

Gryta M., Barancewicz M. (2010), Influence of morphology of PVDF capillary membranes on the performance of direct contact membrane distillation, J. Membrane ScL, 358(1-2), 158-167. 

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