Hydrogen transporting

Rambach, G.G., and C. Hendricks, Hydrogen transport and storage in engineered microspheres, Proceedings of the U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review, Miami, May 1-2, 2, 765-772, 1996. 

This terminal point in hydrogen production can be used for refueling hydrogen-powered or hydrogen transport vehicles. There is also an option to canalize hydrogen in a natural gas (NG) pipeline provided that the distance from the WF is fairly short. Flydrogen injection in NG pipelines may improve NG energy properties [45]. 

Buxbaum, R.E. and T.L. Marker, Hydrogen transport through non-porous membranes of palladium-coated niobium, tantalum and vanadium. /. Membr. Sci., 85, 29-38,1993. 

Mundschau, M.V., X. Xie, and C. Evenson, Superpermeable hydrogen transport membranes, Non-porous Inorganic Membranes, Chapter 4, eds. A.F. Sammells and M.V. Mundschau, Wiley VCH Verlag GmBH, Weinheim, 2006. 

A complete hydrogen pipeline infrastructure would include both transmission and distribution to minimize the overall hydrogen transport cost [6], When one considers the cost for pipeline infrastructure, there will be some semioptimized operating pressure range that determines the overall costs, including the cost of compression based on the distance... 

Because of high capital costs and potential HE of steel pipelines for high-pressure hydrogen transport, the investigation of fiber reinforcement or other plastic composites as substitutes for steels is one of the major R D tasks within the DOE hydrogen delivery program. The purpose of the work is to achieve reduction in installation costs, better reliability, and safer operation of hydrogen pipelines. 

V3. Vennesland, B., and Westheimer, F. H., Hydrogen transport and steric specificity in reactions catalyzed by pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenases. In The Mechanism of Enzyme Action (W. D. McElroy, and B. Glass, eds.), pp. 357-379. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1954. 

An area-wide supply of hydrogen will, in the medium to long term, require the implementation of an extensive transport and distribution infrastructure. In addition, a dense network of refuelling stations will have to be put in place. This chapter first addresses the various options for hydrogen transport and their characteristics. Subsequently, different fuelling station concepts will be discussed. 

Hydrogen transport in natural-gas pipelines Several studies discuss the use of existing natural-gas pipelines to transmit either pure hydrogen with modifications or hydrogen and natural gas blends, because the hydrogen transport costs could be considerably reduced if the natural-gas infrastructure could be adapted to hydrogen. 

Seamless steel pressure vessels are the most common method in use today for hydrogen transportation at short distances (<200 km) and when small quantities are involved (up to about 500 kg). The different vessel options include cylinders, manifolded cylinder pallets and tube trailers. While single cylinders or manifolded pallets are trucked to the destination and off loaded, tube trailers, which consist of several steel cylinders mounted to a protective framework, are often left in place and replaced when empty. Transporting hydrogen in liquefied form is seven times more efficient in terms of actual hydrogen weight transported than using compressed gas cylinders. 

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