Hydrogen economy transportation fuel

In a hydrogen economy, hydrogen for transportation fuels is produced by the electrolysis of water. 

The resolution of technical and market issues will determine when the transportation vehicle of the proposed hydrogen economy, fuel cell automobiles arrive in commercial quantities. The high cost of the precious metal ingredients in fuel cells is one of these issues. Lowering the... 

One of hydrogen s major attractions is tapping vast new resources for transportation fuels that are domestically abundant and converted to H2 with zero or near-zero emissions. To fully realise the benefits of a hydrogen economy, cost-effective zero-emission fuel supply pathways are needed. Several have been proposed, and each has unique challenges. 

This brief history of century-old investigations toward hydrogen interaction with solid materials and nanomaterials brings us to the current state of affairs when the hydrogen storage for fuel cell systems still remains to be solved. Indeed, in the first decade of the new Millennium, and at the advent of the Hydrogen Economy, fuel cell stacks for use in mass transportation, like those developed by Ballard Power Systems based in Canada, are ready for mass commercialization. Also, hydrogen... 

In any case, an efficient transportation and distribution of hydrogen from the production site to the end-user is needed for the wide-spread use of fuel cells envisioned by the hydrogen economy. Key R D areas for improving hydrogen transportation and distribution infrastructure include ... 

Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is considered as one of the most promising power sources for futurist s hydrogen economy. As shown in Fig. 1, operation of a Nation-based PEFC is dictated by transport processes and electrochemical reactions at cat-alyst/polymer electrolyte interfaces and transport processes in the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), in the catalyst layers consisting of precious metal (Pt or Ru) catalysts on porous carbon support and polymer electrolyte clusters, in gas diffusion layers (GDLs), and in flow channels. Specifically, oxidants, fuel, and reaction products flow in channels of millimeter scale and diffuse in GDL with a structure of micrometer scale. Nation, a sulfonic acid tetrafluorethy-lene copolymer and the most commonly used polymer electrolyte, consists of nanoscale hydrophobic domains and proton conducting hydrophilic domains with a scale of 2-5 nm. The diffusivities of the reactants (02, H2, and methanol) and reaction products (water and C02) in Nation and proton conductivity of Nation strongly depend on the nanostructures and their responses to the presence of water. Polymer electrolyte clusters in the catalyst layers also play a critical... 

Some hydrogen proponents promote hydrogen as a potential transportation fuel for cars, boats, airplanes, and to meet the energy needs of buildings and portable electronics. They believe a hydrogen economy could greatly... 

A hydrogen-based economy in the long term where hydrogen is the final product (transportation fuel used in combustion engines or fuel cells, hydro gen-fuelled power plants to regulate electrical grids with intermittent power sources...). 

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