Hydrogen sulfide in oils

Sulfur compounds (particularly hydrogen sulfide in oil production refining operations). 

Fig. 5— The presence of hydrogen sulfide in oil from the Jay field required complex facilities to produce salable oil and gas...

Eckford, R.E. and Fedorak, P.M. (2004), Using nitrate to control microbiaUy-produced hydrogen sulfide in oil field waters in Vazquez-Duhalt, R. and Quintero, R. (eds) Petroleum biotechnology developments and perspectives, Oxford, UK, Elsevier Science, 307—340. 

Sturman, P. J., Goeres, D. M. and Winters, M. A., 1999. Control of Hydrogen Sulfide in Oil and Gas Wells With Nitrite Injection. SPE Paper No. 56772, SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, TX, October 3rd-6th. 

Sie, S. T., Reaction Order and Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Deep Hydrodesulfurization of Gas Oil Consequences for Industrial Reactor Configuration. Fuel Process. Technol, 1999. 61 p. 149. 

Selectox Also called BSR/Selectox. A process for converting hydrogen sulfide in refinery gases to elemental sulfur. The gases are passed over a fixed bed of a proprietary catalyst (Selectox 33) at 160 to 370°C. Claimed to be better than the Claus process in several respects. Often used in conjunction with the Beavon process. Developed by the Union Oil Company of California and the Ralph M. Parsons Company, and first operated in 1978. Thirteen units were operating in 1996. 

Both oil-soluble and water-soluble chemical scavengers can be added to fuel to remove hydrogen sulfide from oil and from water that may be contained in the fuel. Method ASTM D-5705 has been developed to help identify the presence of hydrogen sulfide in residual fuel oil. 

Measurement of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Vapor Phase Above Residual Fuel Oils... 

ASTM D-5704 to check for the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the residual oil vapor. 

Mercapto-p-menthan-3-one has been identified as a constituent of Buchu leaf oil [6] and is a very useful substance in black currant and tropical flavours. The reaction of pulegone with hydrogen sulfide in an alkaline medium results in 8-mercapto-p-menthan-3-one formation (Scheme 13.6). 

Because of the presence of hydrogen sulfide in Jay field crude oil, complex facilities, including oil stabilization, gas sweetening, and sulfur-recovery units, were required to produce salable oil and gas. To initiate field production and to provide extended well tests, a small 2.000-B/D facility was installed initially. As development drilling proceeded, 6.S00- and 12,000-B/D modules were built when and where needed. By using the modular-facility design concept, the field producing capacity was more than 00,000 B/D within 2V4 years of discovery. 

The presence of hydrogen sulfide in oilfrom the Jayfield required complex facilities to produce salable oil and gas. The modular-facility design concept permittedfull allowable production to be attained in minimum time. Although expensive and potentially hazardous, production of sour oil and gas can be accomplished safely and without damaging the environment. 

Corrosion by hydrogen sulfide in partial oxidation plants can be controlled by the use of austenitic steels, but special care to ensure proper stress relief of welds is advisable to avoid stress corrosion cracking in these plants caused by traces of chlorine sometimes present in the feed oil. 

Oil refineries and natural gas plants often produce large amounts of hydrogen sulfide, The most applied process for converting this hydrogen sulfide imo elemental sulfur is the modified Claus process. However, 3 to 5% of the H2S feed is not converted into sulfur and has to be treated alternatively. At the University of Utrecht a new catalytic process has been developed to oxidire hydrogen sulfide in Claus tail gas selectively to sulfur [ I,2 ... 

Sie, S.T. Reaction order and role of hydrogen sulfide in deep hydrodesulfurization of gas oils consequences for industrial reactor configuration. Fuel Processing Technology, 1999, 61, 149. 

Most crude oils contain sulfur, the usual amount being 1 to 2%. Some of this sulfur is lost as hydrogen sulfide in distillation of the crude, and most of the remainder is concentrated in the higher-boiling fractions as shown in Table XI, taken from Tait (78). 

Jacoby, R. H., and M. J. Rzasa. 1952. Equilibrium vaporization ratios for nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, ethane and hydrogen sulfide in absorber oil-natural gas and crude oil-natural gas systems. Trans. AIME, Petrol. 195 99. 

Hydrogen sulfide in the processing of sour natural gases and mineral oils... 

The bottom of crude cargo tanks show pitting corrosion. A small amount of water at the bottom of a crude oil bearing tank and the hydrogen sulfide in the crude oil will result in corrosion. Pitting corrosion occurs at the bottom of the tanks. 

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