Hydrogen production infrastructure

The development of a wide-area hydrogen production infrastructure could take one or more pathways. 

Large-scale dedicated hydrogen production infrastructure, including, pipelines and or road... 

PEM fuel cell R D ( 57.5 million), and hydrogen production, infrastructure, and storage R D... 

Thomas, C. E. and 1. F. Kuhn (1995). Electrolytic Hydrogen Production Infrastructure Options Evaluation, NREL/TP-463-7903, September. 

This chapter is mainly based on the CESSA conference Prospects for a European Hydrogen Economy presentations and discussions. The conference was held in Madrid, April 14-15, 2008. However, the authors are exclusively responsible for its content. The rest of the chapter is organized as follows. The next section discusses the reasons that support the development of hydrogen technologies. Sections 3, 4 and 5 focus, respectively, on hydrogen production, infrastructure development and final use. Section 6 deals with research and development issues. Finally, Section 7 concludes. 

Economical analysis has shown that a pipeline network infrastructure is the most cost-effective and energy-efficient method to transport hydrogen in large quantities from the point of production to the point of use over a long distance. A complete hydrogen pipeline infrastructure will include both transmission and distribution to minimize the overall hydrogen transport cost. 

With respect to the German case study used in Chapter 14 to discuss the build-up of a hydrogen infrastructure, Fig. 10.9 shows where surplus hydrogen capacities (from chlorine-alkali electrolysis) exist in Germany. If these capacities are added up, the resulting total amount is about 1 billion Nm3 per year (around 4% of total German hydrogen production). 

Halvorson, T. G., Terbot, C. E. and Wisz, M. W. (1996). Hydrogen Production and Fuelling System Infrastructure for PEM Fuel Cell-Powered Vehicles. Final report, prepared for the Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA, under Ford Subcontract No. 47-2-R31157 Direct Hydrogen Fuelled Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications . 

Coupling the hydrogen-infrastructure model - in fact hydrogen production - with the... 

The fossil hydrogen production option dominates during the first two decades while the infrastructure is being developed, and also in later periods if only economic criteria are applied initially on the basis of natural gas, later with increasing gas prices more and more on the basis of coal (where available). Carbon capture and storage will be critical for these pathways, if hydrogen is to contribute to an overall C02 reduction in the transport sector. The production mix between gas and coal is highly sensitive to the ratio of feedstock prices a switch occurs at a gas coal price ratio of about 2.5. 

Tolley, G. (2005). Analysis of the Hydrogen Production and Delivery Infrastructure as a Complex Adaptive System, www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review05/... 

Figure 15.15. Biomass hydrogen infrastructure design, using rice straw as feedstock for hydrogen production (Parker, 2007).

Vidas, H. (2007). Natural Gas Infrastructure Requirements for Hydrogen Production. Energy and Environmental Analysis. Presentation at the USDOE Hydrogen Analysis Deep Dive meeting. San Antonio, TX, March 22, 2007. 

A small shift away from the refinery sector towards the new and more labour-intensive hydrogen production sector could also be identified. Employment gains could also be made in the construction and the machinery and equipment sectors because of hydrogen infrastructure investments. 

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