Hydrogen peroxide bacterial

ImmunO lSS iy. Chemiluminescence compounds (eg, acridinium esters and sulfonamides, isoluminol), luciferases (eg, firefly, marine bacterial, Benilla and Varela luciferase), photoproteins (eg, aequorin, Benilld), and components of bioluminescence reactions have been tested as replacements for radioactive labels in both competitive and sandwich-type immunoassays. Acridinium ester labels are used extensively in routine clinical immunoassay analysis designed to detect a wide range of hormones, cancer markers, specific antibodies, specific proteins, and therapeutic dmgs. An acridinium ester label produces a flash of light when it reacts with an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide. The detection limit for the label is 0.5 amol. 

Luminol chemiluminescence has also been recommended for measuring bacteria populations (304,305). The luminol—hydrogen peroxide reaction is catalyzed by the iron porphyrins contained in bacteria, and the light intensity is proportional to the bacterial concentration. The method is rapid, especially compared to the two-day period required by the microbiological plate-count method, and it correlates weU with the latter when used to determine bacteria... 

Precipitate formation can occur upon contact of iajection water ions and counterions ia formation fluids. Soflds initially preseat ia the iajectioa fluid, bacterial corrosioa products, and corrosion products from metal surfaces ia the iajectioa system can all reduce near-weUbore permeability. Injectivity may also be reduced by bacterial slime that can grow on polymer deposits left ia the wellbore and adjacent rock. Strong oxidising agents such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate, and occasionally sodium hypochlorite can be used to remove these bacterial deposits (16—18). 

Cho, K. W., Lee, H. J., and Shim, S. C. (1986). Regeneration of the monooxy-genating intermediate by hydrogen peroxide in bacterial biolumines-cent reaction of Vibrio fischeri. Han guk Saenghwa Hakhoechi 19 151-154. 

Lee, J. (1972). Bacterial bioluminescence. Quantum yields and stoichiometry of the reactants reduced flavin mononucleotide, dodecanal and oxygen, and of a product hydrogen peroxide. Biochemistry 11 3350-3359. 

Watanabe, H., and Hastings, J. W. (1987). Enhancement of light emission in the bacterial luciferase reaction by hydrogen peroxide. J. Biochem. 101 279-282. 

Choi H.W. Kim Y.J. Lee S.C. Hong J.K. Hwang B.K. (2007) Hydrogen peroxide generation by the pepper extracellular peroxidase CaP02 activates local and systemic cell death and defense response to bacterial pathogens / / Plant Physiology. V. 145. P. 890-904. 

McCormick ML, GR Buettner, BE Britigan (1998) Endogenous superoxide dismutase levels regulate iron-dependent hydroxyl radical formation in Escherichia coli exposed to hydrogen peroxide. J Bacterial 180 622-625. 

Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence are very powerful analytical tools, since in addition to the direct measurement of ATP, NAD(P)H or hydrogen peroxide, any compound or enzyme involved in a reaction that generates or consumes these metabolites can be theoretically assayed by one of the appropriate light-emitting reactions. Some of these possibilities have been exploited for the development of optical fibre sensors, mainly with bacterial bioluminescence and with luminol chemiluminescence. 

Fullerene showed antibacterial activity, which can be attributed to different interactions of C60 with biomolecules (Da Ros et al., 1996). In fact, there is a possibility to induce cell membrane disruption. The fullerene sphere seems not really adaptable to planar cellular surface, but for sure the hydrophobic surface can easily interact with membrane lipids and intercalate into them. However, it has been demonstrated that fullerene derivatives can inhibit bacterial growth by unpairing the respiratory chain. There is, first, a decrease of oxygen uptake at low fullerene derivative concentration, and then an increase of oxygen uptake, which is followed by an enhancement of hydrogen peroxide production. The higher concentration of C60 seems to produce an electron leak from the bacterial respiratory chain (Mashino et al., 2003). 

Bacterial SODs typically contain either nonheme iron (FeSODs) or manganese (MnSODs) at their active sites, although bacterial copper/zinc and nickel SODs are also known (Imlay and Imlay 1996 Chung et al. 1999). Catalases are usually heme-containing enzymes that catalyze disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen (Eq. 10.2) (Zamocky and Koller 1999 Loewen et al. 2000). 

Paixao and coworkers described a voltammetric electronic tongue able to distinguish milk treated by means of different pasteurization processes. Furthermore, the method proved to be useful for the detection of hydrogen peroxide additions to milk. Such a fraudulent practice was discovered in 2007 in Brazil. The practice was aimed at reducing the bacterial growth in milk, thus lessening the degradation processes. But, it is... 

N-acetyl-cysteine suppresses induction of autophagy by bacterial endotoxin lipopolysacchaiide, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide... 

The enzyme copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide anion to dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide (equations 1 and 2). Crystallographic data can be found in References 41-46. This antioxidant enzyme is present in the cytosol and mitochondrial intermembrane space of eukaryotic cells and in the periplasmic space of bacterial cells as a homodimer of 32 kDa. Each monomer binds one copper and one zinc ion. The reaction mechanism involves the... 

Ananthaswamy, H.N. Eisenstark, A. (1977) Repair of hydrogen peroxide-induced single-strand breaks va. Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid. J. Bacterial., 130, 187-191... 

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