N-acetyl-L-cysteine

Therapeutic Function Expectorant Chemical Name N-acetyl-L-cysteine Common Name —... 

Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity can be prevented in animals with SOD, catalase and allopurinol (Kyle et al., 1987 Jaeschke, 1990 Tirmenstein and Nelson, 1990), and by N-acetyl-L-cysteine or methionine in humans (Meredith et al., 1986 Nelson, 1990). The protective efiect of allopurinol in mice only occurred at high concentrations, suggesting that its effect was related to scavenging of ROMs rather than inhibition of their production by XO (Jaeschke, 1990). 

Eskinja, M., Lamprecht, G., Scherer, G., and Schmid, E. R., Assay of S-ethyl-N-acetyl-L-cysteine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using post-column reaction detection, /. Chromatogr. B, 704, 159, 1997. 

Clinical specimens obtained for the recovery of dematiaceous fungi usually do not require extensive processing. If aspirated specimens contain a substantial amount of purulent material, this can be dissolved with N-acetyl-L-cysteine without sodium hydroxide. Tissue specimens and biopsy material should be homogenized in a tissue homogenizer after highly suspicious areas consisting of necrotic, purulent, or caseous material are selectively examined microscopically and inoculated onto isolation media. 

The answer is c. (Hardman, pp 632-633.) Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are early signs of the severe liver toxicity caused by high levels of acetaminophen other symptoms of acetaminophen toxicity include dizziness, excitement, and disorientation. N-acetyl-L-cysteine is the appropriate treatment for acetaminophen overdose. 

Co., Richmond, Calif. Hexamethyleneimine (HMI) was purchased from Matheson Coleman Bell Co. S (Hexahydro-[2-I tC]azepine-l-car-bonyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (molinate mercapturic acid) was provided by DeBaun et al. (12). Caprolactam was purchased from J.T,... 

OPA in combination with chiral thiols is one method used to determine amino acid enantiomers. A highly fluorescent diastereomeric isoindole is formed and can be separated on a reverse-phase column. Some of these chiral thiols include N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), N-tert-butyloxy-carbonyl- L-cysteine (Boc-L-Cys), N-isobutyryl- L-cysteine (IBLC), and N-isobutyryl- D -cysteine (IBDC). Replacing OPA-IBLC with OPA-IBDC causes a reversal in the elution order of the derivatives of D- and L-amino acids on an ODS column (Hamase et al., 2002). Nimura and colleagues (2003) developed a novel, optically active thiol compound, N-(tert-butylthiocarbamoyl)- L-cysteine ethyl ester (BTCC). This reagent was applied to the measurement of D-Asp with a detection limit of approximately 1 pmol, even in the presence of large quantities of L-ASP. 

N-acetyl-L-cysteine Vitamin K Penicillamine Leucovorin Deferoxamine... 

Unithiol and succimer increase urine mercury excretion following acute or chronic elemental mercury inhalation, but the impact of such treatment on clinical outcome is unknown. Dimercaprol has been shown to redistribute mercury to the central nervous system from other tissue sites, and since the brain is a key target organ, dimercaprol should not be used in treatment of exposure to elemental or organic mercury. Limited data suggest that succimer, unithiol, and N- acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) may enhance body clearance of methylmercury. 

Reported rate constants for the reaction of 02 with GSH have varied from 102 to > 105 M 1 s. A re-examination of this reaction by spin trapping with DMPO established that earlier studies had been confounded by the direct reduction of the DMPO/ OOH adduct to DMPO/ OH by GSH. Taking account of this reaction, the revised rate constant was reported to be 200 M-1 g-i.25i.2S2 other workers have examined, for example, the effects of GSH and N-acetyl-L-cysteine on lipid peroxidation 253 and the role of GS in the toxicity of the diabetogenic agent alloxan.254 Direct EPR has been used to detect binuclear Cu(II) complexes of homocysteine. The interactions of such complexes with blood-vessel linings may account for the link between elevated homocysteine and atherosclerosis.255... 

The high rate of reaction with N-acetyl-L-cysteine was measured, and the reaction products were isolated and characterized (see Scheme 7). 

Interestingly, as in the addition42 of benzenethiol to the unsaturated ketonucleoside 71, the addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine occurred by a 1,4-mechanism. 

Several mucolytics reduce the viscosity of mucus by cleaving the disulfide bonds that maintain the gel structure. N- Acetyl-L-cysteine [616-91-1] (19), introduced in 1963, and mesna [19677-45-5] (20), developed in Europe in the eady 1970s (20,21), are effective compounds in this class. Whereas most mucolytics must be administered by aerosol, carbocysteine [638-23-6] (21), which contains a derivatized sulfhydryl group, has shown activity by the oral route (22,23). However, carbocysteine does not reduce mucus viscosity, as does acetylcysteine, but appears to have a direct action on mucus glycoprotein production (24). 

Gautier C, Biirgi T (2005) Vibrational circular dichroism of N-acetyl-L-cysteine protected gold nanoparticles. Chem Commun 5393-5395... 

No methods are currently used for reducing the body burden of benzene. It is possible that methods could be developed to enhance the detoxification and elimination pathways, such as ensuring sufficient glutathione stores in the body by the administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. 

Harada, D. et al. Determination of reduced, protein-unbound, and total concentrations of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and L-cysteine in rat plasma by post-column ligand substitution high performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 2001, 290, 251-259. 

SYNS l-a-ACETAMIDO-P-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID ACETEIN ACETYLCYSTEINE N-ACETYLCYSTEINE N-ACETYL-N-CYSTEINE N-ACETYL-l-CYSTEINE (9CI) N-ACETYL-3-MERCAPTO-AL.ANINE AIRBRON BRONCHOL-YSIN FLUIMUCETIN FLULMUCIL FLUMICIL INSPIR MERCAPTURIC ACID (R)-MERCAP-TURIC ACID MUCOLYTICUM MUCOLYTICUM LAPPE MUCOMYST MUCOSOLVIN NAC NAC-TB NSC-111180 PARVOLEX RESPAIRE... 

Toyo oka T, Mantani T, Kato M. Reversible labeling of tyrosine residue in peptide using 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,l,3-benzoxadiazole 131. and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Analyt. Sci. 2003 19 341-346. 

Viscosity determines its lubricating effects and also prevents its rapid washing off the mucosal surface. However, viscosity is a function of the pH of the milieu and is highest at pH 4.6, but decreases with rising or failing pH (J2, K3, M39) (Fig. 12). Below pH 4.6 mucus breaks and precipitates. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine decreases mucus viscosity (S20). 

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