Hydrocarbons from amines

The hot lean amine proceeds to the rich/lean amine exchanger and then to additional coolers to lower its temperature to no less than 10°F above the inlet gas temperature. This prevents hydrocarbons from con-... 

An amine absorber (Figure 1-15) removes the bulk of H2S from the sour gas. The sour gas leaving the sponge oil absorber usually flows into a separator that removes and liquefies hydrocarbon from vapors. The gas from the separator flows to the bottom of the HjS contactor where it contacts a countercurrent flow of the cooled lean amine from the regenerator. The treated fuel gas leaves the top of the HjS absorber, goes to a settler drum for the removal of entrained solvent, and then flows to the fuel system. 

Rich amine from the bottom of the HjS contactor goes to a flash separator to remove dissolved hydrocarbons from the amine solution. The rich amine is pumped from the separator to the amine regenerator,... 

A portion of the rich amine flows through a particle filter and a carbon bed filter. The particle filters remove dirt, rust, and iron sulfide The carbon filter, located downstream of the particle filters, remo cs residual hydrocarbons from the amine solution. 

Based on in situ 13C NMR data, surface methoxy groups are reported to form hydrocarbons at temperatures of 523 K and above [273]. The authors have suggested that these hydrocarbons may contribute to the hydrocarbon pool that is established to participate in the catalytic reaction mechanism to form higher hydrocarbons from methanol. Other reactions with amines or halides have also been published [276]. 

Procedure 12.5 illustrates the use of sonication in extraction procedures. It has been used in the extraction of phenols, amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It has also been used to extract hydrocarbons from clay soils [8,9,17],... 

Surfactants that form micelles have also been shown to accelerate the formation of nitrosamlnes from amines and nitrite (33.) A rate enhancement of up to 80 0-fold was observed for the nitrosation of dihexylamine by nitrite in the presence of the cationic surfactant decyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) at pH 3.5. A critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.08% of DTAB was required to cause this effect, which was attributed to a micelle with the hydrocarbon chains buried in the interior of the micelle. The positively-charged ends of the micelle would then cause an aggregation of free nitrosatable amine relative to protonated amine and thus lead to rate enhancements. Since surfactants are commonly used in water-based fluids (25-50% lubricating agent or 10-2 0% emulsifier in concentrates), concentrations above the CMC of a micelle-forming surfactant could enhance the formation of nitrosamines. 

Steacie, E. W. R., and A. F. Trotman-Dickenson The Reactions of Methyl Radicals. IV. The Abstractions of Hydrogen Atoms from Cyclic Hydrocarbons, Butynes, Amines, Alcohols, Ethers and Ammonia. J. chem. Physics 19, 329 (1951)-... 

Tables 12-23 to 12-26 examine the effect of geometry on dipole moments in a small collection of hydrocarbons and amines. Singlepoint 6-31G, EDF1/6-31G, B3LYP/6-31G and MP2/6-31G dipole moment calculations have been carried out using MMFF, AMI and (except for the Hartree-Fock calculations) 6-3IG geometries, and compared with dipole moments obtained from exact structures. While subtle differences exist, for the most part they are very small. In fact, using mean absolute error as a criterion, there is little to differentiate dipole moments obtained from use of approximate geometries from those calculated using exact geometries.

The SFC Oleofiltration system separates hydrocarbons from water. The technology combines a vertical-fin coalescing unit and a patented, amine-coated, oleophilic granule filtration system (the Oleofilter) into one system that can, according to the vendor, separate mechanical emulsions of hydrocarbons in water that are not treatable by conventional oil/water separators. The Oleofilter can also separate many chemical emulsions and reduce the concentrations of dissolved hydrocarbons. The technology is not commercially available. 

Adolph Wurtz, 1817—1884. Professor of chemistry at the ficole de Medecine in Pans. Discoverer of methyl and ethyl amines and the synthesis of hydrocarbons from alkyl iodides and sodium. He studied the oxidation products of the glycols and the homologs of lactic acid The proof of the elementary nature of gallium was demonstrated in his laboratory by Lecoq de Boisbaudran. 

Silver hydroxide is used in exhaustive methylation, a process often utilised in order to obtain an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon from an amine by treating it with methyl iodide aud silver hydroxide the triniethyl-ammonium hydroxide obtained is then decomposed by distillation. 

Any radical that may be converted to an amino group is capable of replacement by hydrogen. In certain instances such an indirect procedure may be of value. Since polynuclear phenols are transformed into amines by the Bucherer reaction,138 it has recently been suggested that the preparation of condensed ring hydrocarbons from the hydroxyl derivatives might best be achieved through the amines, rather than by the customary zinc dust fusion.189... 

Some materials are of natural origin, others are purely synthetic and some are available from both sources, natural and synthetic. Almost all kinds of organic functionalities are represented in the broad palette of the flavorist and perfumer - alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons, olefins, amines, phenols, heterocy-clics, etc. Alcohols are particularly important because they are prominent among the relatively inexpensive and readily available materials which make up the bulk of flavors and especially fragrances. 

The majority of hydrocarbons in petrol are aliphatic compounds. Most hydrocarbon chains in gasoline extend from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Typical gasoline also contains aromatic and other unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, ether, amines, and sulfoxides. 

The final paper (44) reported the finding that nitro compounds such as trinitromesitylene and tetranitromethane give colors with aromatic hydrocarbons and amines. Saturated aliphatic compounds give no color with tetranitromethane, but unsaturated aliphatic compounds act like hydrocarbons as long as the ethylene link does not adjoin a carboxyl group. Werner concluded that the colored compounds result from the interaction of subsidiary valencies associated with the nitro group on one hand, and... 

The general methods of synthesis of all these types are two (i) From the acid itself by direct substitution of the desired element or group into ring or side chain. This method will Vary according to whether the substitution is in the ring or side chain, and whether the side chain is saturated or unsaturated. (2) From a substituted hydrocarbon, nitrile, amine, etc., and the conversion of this into the acid by one of the methods already discussed under the synthesis of acids. 

The photoreduction of carbonyl compounds or aromatic hydrocarbons by amines was one of the early electron-transfer reactions to be studied. Observation of products from primary electron transfer depends on the facility of a deprotonation of the amine, which must be fast compared to back electron transfer. For amines without a hydrogens, quenching by back electron transfer is observed exclusively (Cohen et al., 1973). The solvent plays a quite important role since it determines the yield of radical ion pairs formed from the exciplex (Hirata and Mataga, 1984). 

One type of compound generated by pyrolysis of simple peptides consists of small molecules similar to those obtained from the pyrolysis of component amino acids such as hydrocarbons (aromatic hydrocarbons from peptides containing Phe orTyr), aldehydes, pyrrole, pyrroline, indole (from peptides containing TRP), some aliphatic amines, etc. 

Reversible inhibition of aryl amine /V-acetyltransferase by S-nitrosothiols has been demonstrated285. Aryl amine /V-acetyltransferase variants generated by random mutagenesis have been identified286. Urinary mutagenecity has been correlated with heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from fried red meat287. 

Molecular oxygen can also oxidize a variety of organic compounds, including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, amines, ethers and ketones. These autooxidation reactions can be used to make a variety of small molecules and a number of industrial processes rely on the controlled oxidation of organics using molecular oxygen (often with a metal catalyst). Examples include the formation of phenol and acetone from cumene (isopropylbenzene) and cyclohexanone from cyclohexane. Phenol is a popular starting material for a number... 

Purpose. DNA adducts are nucleotide bases (i.e., purines and pyrimidines) that have been covalently modified by reactive electrophilic chemical intermediates or free radicals. The chemical structures of DNA adducts are diverse and vary from simple alkyl adducts induced by alkylating agents to complex bulky adducts such as those resulting from metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, and aflatoxins (Dipple 1995 Chiarelli and Jackson 1992 Rundle 2006 Xue and Warshawsky 2005). The purpose of measuring DNA adducts is to determine whether a DNA-reactive compound or a metabolically activated... 

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