Hydrazine nitrates

Hydrazine nitrate, NHj-NHj-NO], exists in two crystalline forms of different melting temparatures the stable form melts at 70.7°C, while the labile melts at 62.1°C. In contact with water hydrazine nitrate dissolves with great ease to form a strongly acid solution. In the fused state it reacts rapidly with several metals, such as zinc and copper. Hodgkinson [45] explains this behaviour as due to the formation of azides under these conditions. In the presence of nitrites, hydrazine nitrate forms salts of hydrazoic acid. 

According to Kast [46] hydrazine nitrate is practically stable at 75°C, since after 9 months of heating it lost barely 0.7% of the weight. It does not explode on heating to 360°C. The substance is sensitive to friction and to impact, resembling tetryl, and according to Medard [47] resembling cyclonite. Compressed under a pressure of 3000 kg/cm2 it has the density 1.64 g/cm3. 

Medard [47] established that hydrazine nitrate is an explosive that is readily detonated by an initiating cap, even when the density achieved by loading the product in the molten state is high (1.62 g/cm3). The rate of detonation of a cartridge, 30 mm dia., placed in a cardboard paper case is  

Hydrazine dinitrate is an unstable substance, hence it is of no practical value. 

Hydrazine nitrate is about the third most powerful explosive known. With a shock wave between 28,000 and 29,000 feet per second it warrants careful consideration. Although never used as a military explosive, it is used as a binary rocket fuel and thus may exist in considerable quantities at some military sites. 

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By far the best efforts to measure product compns were made by Orncllas co-workers (Refs 3, 4 6) who made accurate calorimetry and compn measurements on highly confined and unconfined expl samples. The expls he studied were PETN, HMX, NM, TNT, Bis(2,2-dinitro-2-fluoroethyl)formal (FEFO), l,2-Bis(difluoro-amino) propane (1,2 DP), Benzotrifuroxan (BTF), LX-11-0 (80.1/19.9 HMX/Viton), XTX-8003 (80/20 PETN/Sylgard 182), and three Hydrazine Nitrate (HN) mixts. Of course, most of these measured compns are not CJ products, but reequilibrated mixts of CJ products at some frozen equilibrium temp Tfr < TCJ... 

Experimental results of underwater explosion tests using an emulsion explo-sivecomposed of ammonium nitrate and hydrazine nitrate showed 0.85 MJ kg for the shock wave energy and 2.0 MJ kg for the bubble energy. The shock wave energy of underwater explosions is increased by the addition of aluminum powder to the explosives. The aluminum powder reacts with H2O molecules in the bubble. Large amounts of Hj molecules and heat are produced by the oxidahon of the A1 with H2O according to ... 

Kinetics of isothermal decompn of K perchlorate) 3) Inst of Study of Rate Processes, Univ of Utah, "The Isothermal Decomposition of Tetryl and Hydrazine Nitrate , TechRept No XL111 (Dec 1954) Contract N7-onr-45107 4) R.M. 

To the group 1 belong PETN, RDX, TNT, while to group 2 HN (Hydrazine Nitrate), NGu (Nitroguanidine) and AP (Ammonium Perchlorate) (See Table C)... 

The use of N2H4 as a hypergolic propellant fuel for rocket propulsion is discussed in detail in this Vol under Hypergolic Propellants. It has also been used extensively as a monopropellant fuel or in combination with hydrazine nitrate and/or water as a thruster for maneuvering space vehicles (Ref 31)... 

Hydrazine Nitrate Complexes. Salts of bivalent metals (Ni, Co, Zn, Cd and Mn) of complex hydrazine nitrates may be represented by the following formulas [M(N 2H4 )2 ] (N03 )2, or by [M(N2 H, )3 ] (N03 )2. In these complexes, called nitrohydrazinates, each N Ii, group plays the same role as two NH3 groups in the corresponding ammonium complexes... 

Note During the investigation of various methods of preparation, it was observed by Barlot (Ref 2) that if solns of equimolecular amounts of nickel nitrate and hydrazine nitrate are mixed no precipitation is observed. If, however, some hydrazine, or ammonia is added, an immediate precipitation of pink complex is observed... 

Explosion Properties. Occurence of detonation within rocket engines employing certain aminated fuels and nitric acid propellants are related to the formation of amine or hydrazine nitrates which tend to decompose explosively under the influence of sudden temp or pressure rises (Ref 51). Tangential-mode rocket motor instabilities were analyzed using 1-dimensional, 2-phase... 

Idrazina nitrato, N2H4.HN03. Hydrazine Nitrate (Ref 31, p 128) and in this Vol of Encycl, p H 196-R... 

Hydrazine Nitrate 189-200 - 38.1 12.2 Weight loss Cook Abegg (7)... 

Thrusters are rockets for maneuvering and controlling the attitude of space vehicles. The usual monopropellant for thrusters is catalytically decomposed Hydrazine. The usual catalysts are iridium, rhodium or ruthenium and their mixts. For a review of Hydrazine thrusters see Refs 33, 34 35. Russi (Ref 34) emphasizes that, in spite of many studies and the general acceptance and apparent success of hydrazine thrusters, new rocket motor design is still largely empirical. A biproplnt consisting of Hydrazine mixed with Hydrazine Nitrate has also been tried in thrusters but is no longer popular... 

PrN03 was the most bullet-sensitive. It was exploded by all three types of ammunition. Hydrazine and Hydrazine Nitrate solution were exploded by the HE ammunition but not by incendiary and HE incendiary ammunition... 

Explosive of Audrieth. Mixture of AN 78.5— 83-5, hydrazine nitrate (N2H4.HNO3) 5—10, TNT 7.5, Al powder 0.5, pulverized carbon 3 chalk 0.5% It is claimed that hydrazine nitrate increased considerably the sensitivity and the rate of detonation of the mixt Refs 1) L.F. Audrieth, USP 2704706(1955)... 

Gun Liquid Propellant of Detroit Controls Corporation consists of mixts of hydrazine, hydrazine nitrate water for achieving hypervelocities with service wt projectiles Ref Detroit Controls Corp, Monthly Progress Rept 33, Liquid Propellant Gun Systems , May 1956(RC-198), Redwood City, Calif... 

The detonator is considered as the first fire-device of key importance in any explosive train and contains a small quantity of a very sensitive explosive as a means of initiation of inorganic salts of weak acids, that is, M F, LA and LS. However, they all suffer from some shortcoming and are not eco-friendly. In order to overcome these shortcomings of the existing initiatories, use of nickel hydrazine nitrate (NHN) [ Ni(N2H4)3 (N03)2], which has better storage stability and is also eco-friendly, has been reported in the literature [262, 263]. 

Hariharanath, B., Chandrabhanu, K.S., Rajendran, A.G., Ravindran, M., and Kartha, C.B. (2003) Detonator using nickel hydrazine nitrate an energetic coordination compound as a primary explosive. Proc. 4th Inti. High Energy Materials Conf. and Exhibit, Pune, India, 18-20 Nov., p. 19. 

CA 62, 395(1965) [A castable expl compn provided by curing a mixture contg 50—80% powdered hydrazine nitrate, 13—40% binder (such as a polyester of mol wt 500—5000 derived from polyhydric ales and polybasic acids), and 3—10% curing agent (such as a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A or.F), powd metals (such as Mg, Al, Ti, etc) 5—15%, and minor propns... 

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