Hypergolic Propellants

L34-R to L44-R Hypergolic Propellants in Vol 7, H254-L to H259-R Nitrogen Determination in Energetic Materials, and Mass Spectrometry in this Vol... 

The use of N2H4 as a hypergolic propellant fuel for rocket propulsion is discussed in detail in this Vol under Hypergolic Propellants. It has also been used extensively as a monopropellant fuel or in combination with hydrazine nitrate and/or water as a thruster for maneuvering space vehicles (Ref 31)... 

The use of N2H<, as a hypergolic rocket fuel is described under the topic Hypergolic Propellants in this Vol. Another major research effort has seen the development of hydrazine thruster rockets based upon the catalytic de-... 

Propellant Performance Data. Specific impulse and chamber temperature for a number of more common hypergolic propellant combinations are in the following table. Hie values are based on shifting equilibrium conditions with a chamber pressure of 1000 psia. Data are from Ref 33... 

In what follows we will briefly describe the various types of jet propulsion systems and give a list of references to the voluminous literature that has appeared on this subject since the publication of the above book (1959). The reader is also referred to the following Encyclopedia articles Combustion Hypergolic Propellants Ignition Propellants and Rockets... 

Rockets. As clearly stated a rocket is differentiated from a fluid flow engine in that a rocket generates its thrust entirely from reacting material carried within it, while a fluid flow system takes in material (air) from the outside. The subject of rockets will be described in more detail under Rockets and some material pertaining to rockets has already been described under Hypergolic Propellants and under Ignition. Here we just outline the type of rockets in use or under development ... 

Vast numbers of fuels may be combined with the above oxidizers to form biproplnts. Many hypergolic biproplnt systems are listed in this Vol, pp H254-L to H259-R, under Hypergolic Propellants. The foregoing tabulation (Table 72, p 317 of Ref 23) lists several common biproplnts... 

If a fuel ignites spontaneously on coming in contact with an oxidizer(hypergollic propellant) there is no need for any ignition devices... 

Hypergolic Propellent Hazard Response Guide, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) , Draft Volume I, ICFTechnology Incorporated, July 1,1988. 

Ignition delay phenomena of hypergolic propellants are complex and understanding is incomplete for not only the mechanistic aspects of conventional bipropellants, but also advanced amine-type reduced toxicity fuels for use with nitric acid-type oxidizers. Both liquid-phase and gas-phase reactions play a part, along with physical effects of mixing, localized... 

TNT equivalent blast yields and fireball dimensions were detd experimentally for the hypergolic propellant N2 04/Aerozine 50 (Ref 53, 54). Explosive reactions have been reported for C1F3 with methane and propane (Ref 55). Violent reactions occur between N204 and many halogenated hydrocarbon solvents (Ref 56). Most reactive are the partly chlorinated compds of C2H6, C2 H CH,. Explosive sensitivity decreases in solvents 1) with greater ratios of C1 H atoms 2) that are symmetrical ... 

E.A. Tkachenko, Heat-release rate for the Uq nitrogen tetroxide/hydrogen reaction by Somogyi Feiler s method, NASA Rept NASA-CR-73608, avail CFSTI, SciTechAerosp Rept 7 (6), 946 (1969) 44) S.E. Rodriguez, Heat gas release meas on liq hypergolic propellants, (paper) West States Sec/Comb Inst, 70-26... 

---