Nickel hydrazine nitrate

Note During the investigation of various methods of preparation, it was observed by Barlot (Ref 2) that if solns of equimolecular amounts of nickel nitrate and hydrazine nitrate are mixed no precipitation is observed. If, however, some hydrazine, or ammonia is added, an immediate precipitation of pink complex is observed... 

The detonator is considered as the first fire-device of key importance in any explosive train and contains a small quantity of a very sensitive explosive as a means of initiation of inorganic salts of weak acids, that is, M F, LA and LS. However, they all suffer from some shortcoming and are not eco-friendly. In order to overcome these shortcomings of the existing initiatories, use of nickel hydrazine nitrate (NHN) [ Ni(N2H4)3 (N03)2], which has better storage stability and is also eco-friendly, has been reported in the literature [262, 263]. 

Hariharanath, B., Chandrabhanu, K.S., Rajendran, A.G., Ravindran, M., and Kartha, C.B. (2003) Detonator using nickel hydrazine nitrate an energetic coordination compound as a primary explosive. Proc. 4th Inti. High Energy Materials Conf. and Exhibit, Pune, India, 18-20 Nov., p. 19. 

Trihydrazine Nickel (II) Nitrate. See in Vol 8, N26-R under Nickel-Hydrazine Nitrate Com-... 

With bivalent metals, hydrazine nitrate forms coordination compounds that may be represented by the general formula Me[(N2H4)2 3l(N03)2 [6]. The two most often mentioned substances are nickel hydrazine nitrate (NHN) and cobalt hydrazine nitrate (CoNH). 

Nickel hydrazine nitrate is not easily detonated by flame or heat in charges of a few grams even when mixed with lead styphnate, picrate, or RDX. These mixtures were loaded in a blasting cap and initiated but the best that has been observed was a deflagration [6, 16]. Other results have been obtained by Talawar et al. [18]. They made a research of the applicability of NHN in detonators. NHN is ignitable by the flame of a match, a safety fuse, or a hot wire. Whether it develops detonation strongly depends on its confinement and its density. 

Of all the hydrazine nitrate salts only nickel hydrazine nitrate has been suggested for practical applications. Although it was first reported more than 50 years ago it still has not found wider application [22]. Despite the earlier information that nickel hydrazine nitrate is not reliably initiated in blasting caps [6,16] it has been recently suggested as a primary explosive that is suitable as a replacement for lead azide as an intermediate charge in commercial detonators [15,22]. Other authors recommended NHN as a complete replacement for lead styphnate and a partial replacement of lead azide in detonators [18]. 

One analog of NHN is a substance with the nitrate group replaced by azide— nickel hydrazine azide (NHA). Only very limited information is available, including a preparation procedure which is practically the same as in the case of NHN. Aqueous solutions of the nickel salt and sodium azide are placed in a stirred reactor, acidity is adjusted by addition of acetic acid, the mixture is heated to 50-70 °C, and an aqueous solution of hydrazine hydrate is slowly added. NHA has green polycrystalline form with crystal density 2.12 g cm. Average particle size of product with good fluidity is around 80 pm and bulk density of such powder is 0.57-0.65 g cm . The thermal decomposition is a two-step process which starts at 165-206 °C (heating rates from 10 to 30 °C min ). The second step starts at 206 00 °C. NHA does not become dead pressed by 70 MPa, because it is less sensitive to impact but more to friction than PETN [19]. 

Zhu, S., Wu, Y., Zhang, W., Mu, J. Evaluation of anew primary explosive Nickel hydrazine nitrate (NHN) complex. Propellants Explosives Pyroteclmics 22, 317-320 (1997)... 

In the preparation of nickel nitrate hydrazine [Ni(N03)2(N2H4)3] stoichiometric amounts of ammonium nitrate in hydrazine hydrate and nickel metal powder are allowed to react in the ratio of 2 3 1, respectively, at room temperature. The nickel metal dissolves exothermically with the evolution of hydrogen. The solid compound is obtained in 97% yield by the addition of alcohol. 

Zhu et al. have modified the synthesis procedure for nickel nitrate hydrazine so as to make it viable for industrial manufacture [28]. Detailed investigations on physical and thermochemical properties, stability test, explosive performance test, and safety tests have been made to evaluate the performance of nickel hydrazine nitrate (NiHN) and cobalt hydrazine nitrate (CoHN) as primary explosives [29]. 

Transition metal hydrazine perchlorate, nitrate, and azide complexes are explosive in nature, as indicated by DTA experiments and impact sensitivity measurements. Special precautions have to be taken during the synthesis and characterization of these materials. Small quantities of up to 1 g can be prepared without any explosion. Special mention should be made of the nickel hydrazine azide complex, which is prepared from NiCli + NaNa-I-2N2H4 H2O. The product is highly friction sensitive, especially in dry state, and so samples are to be handled with a Teflon spatula. A few milligrams are used for DTA and impact sensitivity tests. 

A departure from the catechol pattern of the natural neurotransmitters was achieved following application of the fact that arylsulfonamido hydrogens are nearly as acidic as phenolic OH groups. Nitration of p-benzyloxyacetophenone gave 18 which was reduced to 19 with Raney nickel and hydrazine, and in turn reacted with mesyl chloride to give sulfonamide 20. Methanesulfonate 20 was then transformed to soterenol (21), a clinically useful bronchodilator, in the... 

H. Ellern D.E. Olander, "Spontaneous Explosion of a Normally Stable Complex Salt , JChemEduc 32, 24(1955) [The salt which spontaneously exploded was pure Trihydrazinenickel(II) nitrate prepd by adding an ethanolic soln of nickelous nitrate, slowly and with agitation, to a 40% ethanolic soln of hydrazine hydrate. The pptd fine pink pdr was separated, washed with ethanol and then dried for 16 hrs in... 

T rihydr azino - nickel Nitrate, [Ni(N2H4)3](N03)2.—Hydrazine may take the place of ammonia, yielding a derivative with properties resembling those of the ammines.5... 

The explosive properties of a series of 5 amminecobalt(III) azides were examined in detail. Compounds were hexaamminecobalt triazide, pentaammineazidocobalt diazide, cis- and traw.v-tetraamminediazidocobalt azide, triamminecobalt triazide [1], A variety of hydrazine complexed azides and chloroazides of divalent metals have been prepared. Those of iron, manganese and copper could not be isolated cobalt, nickel, cadmium and zinc gave products stable at room temperature but more or less explosive on heating [2]. Some polyammine azido-metal nitrates of Cr, Ni and Cu were found to be explosively photosensitive. Replacement of ammonia by triethanolamine gave compounds smoothly photodecomposing [3]. 

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