Hybridization test

A DNA hybridization test that did not require labeling the target was reported. The test was based on the displacement of a fluorescently tagged indicator... 

A DNA microarray (512 spots) was spotted in the microchannel in a PC chip. After spotting, the channel was closed by lamination with a polyolefin foil for hybridization test. The volume of the hybridization channel ( 2 cm long, 250 pm wide, and 100 pm deep) was 10 pL [965]. 

Virus RNA is infectious. HAV multiplies within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Approximately 2 to 3 weeks after infection, the viruses appear in the stool, but disappear after 4 to 5 weeks, thereby terminating the infec-tivity. As of the 4 week, HAV antibodies (anti-HAV) of the IgM and IgG type appear in the serum as serological markers, (s. fig. 5.5) Acute hepatitis A has a high IgM titre, whereas an infection occurring several months earlier can be recognized by a high IgG titre. Once the infection has been overcome, the elevated IgG titre remains for life. Immunity is permanent. Renewed rises in titre (= booster effect) are possible after reeurrent HAV contacts. The HAV vaccine induces equal IgM and IgG immune responses. By means of quantitative determination of the total anti-HAV, it is possible, for example, to differentiate between passive immunization and (acute or past) HAV infection. HAV RNA can be detected with the help of hybridization tests, and HAV with the help of PCR. (101, 109, 119) (see chapter 22.3 )... 

A positive anti-HCV test should be confirmed by means of the RT-PCR test or quantitative hybridization test, e. g. branched-DNA hybridization, amplicor technique. With the help of these procedures, it is possible to detect HCV RNA within 1 week after infection. (104, 105, 108,... 

Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the precise nucleotide base pairing and hydrogen bonding between one string of nucleotides and a complementary nucleotide sequence. Any diagnostic nucleic acid hybridization test has three essential elements the DNA probe, the target DNA and the signal detection system. Recent developments in detection systems and improvements in safety have enabled... 

Stanley et al. (1985) combined the advantages of mediators and enzymatic amplification in immunoassays by designing a reaction cycle of the marker enzyme AP with the use of NADP+ as substrate (Fig. 120). NADP+ is dephosphorylated by AP. The NAD+ formed is reduced in the presence of ADH to NADH which, in the presence of diaphorase, shuttles reducing equivalents to ferrocene. The NAD+ liberated in the latter reaction can enter the cycle again. Such an amplification system can also be applied to DNA hybridization tests (Downs et al., 1987). 

Nucleic acid hybridization tests are based on the ability of complementary nucleic acid strands to specifically align and associate to form stable double-stranded complexes (1). The Gen-Probe PACE 2 system uses an acridinium labeled, single-stranded DNA probe that is complementary to the ribosomal RNA of N. gonorrhoeae. After the ribosomal RNA is released from the test organism, the labeled... 

The tests aim to simulate the response of the full retrofitted building, including the two unretrofitted inner 3-bay frames. In the scaled building each floor had a mass of 2 X 43,375 kg. As only one wall of the building was physically tested, the simulation included the non-tested part of half the building which is tributary to that wall - corresponding to 45 m of floor area in the scaled building or 80 m in the prototype. The non-tested part was numerically simulated as an elastic substructure (hybrid test). 

Molina FJ, Bosi A, Pegon P, Magonette G, Pinto A (2012) Error study of a hybrid testing system of structures through a state-space model. In Proceedings of the I5th world conference on earthquake engineering, Lisbon... 

Third, a hybrid procedure is being used frequently where conditioned fluids are circulated over the test specimen from a reservoir [20]. If the reservoir is large enough, changes in fluid composition can he minimized. A particularly ingenious version of this hybrid test method has been developed in Norway [23], where the circulating fluids are continuously reconditioned by automatic pH maintenance and corrosion product removal. The distinction of these three approaches must always be kept in mind when discussing corrosion and inhibition tests. 

By applying this relatively simple and quick technique to different enological strains of S. uva-rum studied by Naumov et al. (1993), strains attached to the species bayanus by hybridization tests have been clearly demonstrated to present the same profile characteristic as bayanus (two bands after restriction with Pstl, no restriction with EcoRI). On the other hand, the uvarum strains included in the species cerevisiae, according to hybridization tests, effectively have a restriction profile characteristic of S. cerevisiae (Eigure 1.25 and Table 1.6). The delimitation of the species cerevisiae and bayanus by these two methods produced identical resnlts for the 12 strains analyzed. 

Strain CLIB number Origin Author Hybridization test PCR-RFLP of the ... 

Rehfeldt, G.E., and J.E. Lotan. 1970. Pinus contorta x banksiana hybrids tested in northern Rocky Mountains. USDA Forest Service Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Note INT-126. Ogden, Utah. 7 pp. 

In addition, there may be tissue and temporal variation in expression. For example, variable expression of Cry 1 Ac was found between eight cotton hybrids tested in India and the expression also declined consistently as the plant aged, raising concerns for efficacy (Kranthi et al., 2005). Other experiments showed a strong decline, occurring as the plant ages, in Cry 1 Ac expression in cotton (Greenplate, 1999) and Cryl Ab expression in maize (Dutton et al, 2004). 

After detector-fanout testing has identified detector wafers that exhibit high performance, the detectors from these qualified wafers are hybridized to readouts using HTC s indium bump bonding technology. These hybrids are then thorou y characterized in HTC s sophisticated hybrid test lab. Noise level and uniformity, response level and uniformity, and number of degraded pixels are measured. Fully automated test stations perform all measurements and an dysis and report the data in numerical, histogram, and pixel map displays. 

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