Hybridization increased efficiency

Another new modification is the 2 -deoxy-2 flouro-Darabinonucleic acid (2 F-ANA), which increases the strength of the oligonucleotide-mRNA hybrids, elicits efficient RNaseH-mediated degradation of the target, is more nuclease resistant and reaches high intracellular concentrations for prolonged time. Similar results could be obtained with oxetane modified ASONs. 

Research into hybrid gas turbine-fuel cell systems holds promise of increasing efficiency beyond 60% (LHV) while retaining extremely low emissions. 

The ability of modern analytical chemistry to identify and quantify impurities in pharmaceutical products is staggering. It is now routine to elucidate organic impurity structures below the 0.1 %o level, which has led to an increased ability to detect and identify those chemical entities of potential concern for the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals. New developments, such as hybrid MS systems and LC/NMR when fully integrated into the MS-based paradigm, hold the promise of increased efficiency for trace impurity identification with resulting efficiency increases in the overall pharmaceutical development process. 

When a hybrid SDS-1-pentanol mobile phase was used, an increasing concentration of SDS gave lower retention, but also lower efficiency. A mobile phase containing a low concentration of SDS was thus preferable. On the other hand, an increasing amount of 1-pentanol gave lower retention, together with increased efficiency. Finally, a 0.05 M SDS-2.4% 1-pentanol mobile phase was selected. With this mobile phase, the sulfonamide azo dyes were eluted in less than 15 min, following the elution... 

Hybrid control refers either to a combination of passive and active systems or, more commonly, to a combination of passive with semi-active systems, aiming at lowering the forces required by active or semi-active systems, respectively. One such device is the hybrid mass damper (HMD), which combines tuned mass dampers with active actuators. The actuator force is mily used to increase efficiency and robustness to changes in structural dynamic characteristics. Also in the category of hybrid mass dampers is the active-passive composite tuned mass damper (APTMD) developed by Ohrui et al. (1994) and named DUOX. This device is composed of an active mass damper mounted on a timed mass damper. Fig. 8. During structural motion, the mass of the AMD is driven in the opposite direction of the TMD, therefore magnifying the motion of the passive device. When the building... 

The three embroidery processes mentioned here are often used in order to create highly customized parts while balancing the increased efficiency of automated textile manufacturing. Many modifications and hybrid systems exist in order to increase the productivity. For example, TFP machines exist with up to 11 heads in order to create 11 parts in a single batch. Furthermore, standard embroidery machines exist with 56 parallel heads for increased productivity, while each of these machines may have a different color set for increased customization. A typical example is shown in Fig. 9.15. These systems give embroidery technology a decent efficiency when compared with other multihead textile equipment. 

The short length of a typical ASON facilitates cell internalization and increases hybridization efficiency by reducing base-mismatch errors. Once hybridization has occurred the ASON-mRNA complex becomes a substrate for intracellular RNAses (e.g., RNAse-H) that catalyze mRNA degradation and allow ASON to recycle for another base pairing with the next target mRNA molecule. The net result of this process is a sustained decrease of target mRNA translation and a lower intracellular level of the corresponding protein (Fig. 1). 

DNA cloning and molecular biology coupled with protein chemistry provide a hybrid approach that greatly increases the speed and efficiency for determination of primary strucmres of proteins. 

There is a major potential for energy conservation in transportation, by increasing the energy efficiency of automobiles. The recent commercialization of hybrid vehicles, which combine electric and gasoline motors, demonstrates how much more efficient automobile transport can be. Hybrid power systems deliver double the fuel efficiency of conventional engines. Moreover, as fuel cells are perfected, even greater energy efficiencies may be achieved. 

---