Hybrid flow sheet

The hybrid circuit in Fig. 20-26 has proven most versatile, and can increase capacity of an existing ball-mill circuit by 30 to 100 percent. Recycling the rock as in the hybrid flow sheet reduces the need for coarse-b milhng. 

FIG. 20-26 Hybrid flow sheet to comhine a roll press and hall mill with a classifier. Conroy, 31st IEEE Cement Industry Technical Conference, 509-542, 2988. Copytight IEEE.)... 

The pretreatments, described above, that deliver a particulate-free stream at 38 °C to the amine system provide a ready-made feed for processing via membrane modules. This feed can be used with simple and efficient membranes, new structured sorbents, membrane + structured sorbent hybrid systems or more advanced super H2 selective membranes. These membrane systems can simplify and condense the flow sheet in Figure 7.10, thereby enabling a more compact plant with less piping and associated maintenance concerns. 

The thermochemical cycles (S-I > 850°C) or hybrid cycles (S-electrolysis > 850°C) still feature many uncertainties in terms of feasibility and performances. Uncertainties still exist in parts of the flow sheet and technologies needed to provide high temperature heat whether from solar or nuclear nature. Potential assets of thermochemical cycles lie in a theoretical potential for a global efficiency above 35% and a scaling law of the hydrogen plant after the volume of reactants instead of the total surface of electrolytic cells. In return, their practical feasibility and economic viability have to be entirely demonstrated. Especially, a global efficiency above 30% is to be demonstrated to compete with alkaline electrolysis. Moreover, the safety of co-located nuclear and chemical plants has to be demonstrated. 

High-temperature decomposition of sulphuric acid is a major step for sulphur-based thermochemical cycles such as hybrid sulphur and sulphur-iodine. It is generally also the most energy-intensive, so that the overall heat requirement for this step can determine whether a particular decomposition reactor or flow sheet design is practical. 

Figure 2 Hybrid sulphur flow sheet (top Section I, bottom Section II)...

Figure 1 Hybrid pervaporation distillation process flow sheet. Left with external heat exchangers, right with heat integration.

Fig. 12.9 Flow sheet and photograph of a hybridization system and dimensioned outline of the NHS-1 (see Tab. 12.2) la-ooratory system (courtesy Nara, Tokyo, Japan).

Fig. 12.8 demonstrates again how hybridization works and Fig. 12.9 is a schematic flow sheet Core particles with a size between 0.1 and 500 pm are mixed with nano particles that, depending on the size of the cores, may feature sizes between 0.01 and... 

As has been outlined in the first sections of this chapter, RD processes can efficiently replace reactor-separator flow-sheets by internalization of external recycling loops. This is demonstrated for a simple isomerization reaction in an ideal binary mixture. It is clearly shown that hybrid columns combining non-reactive and reactive sections overcome the restrictions of fully RD columns. The most simple and effective solution for isomerization reactions is a reactive total reboUer with a non-reactive column on top. 

Figure 3.9 Process flow sheet for treating acidic waste streams. The NF-IX hybrid process treats acidic waste containing 20wt% sulphuric acid and 1% aluminium, separating the heavy metal from the acid. Source [21].

Figure 3-54. Flow sheet of a hybrid derivative module.

Figure 9. Schematic flow sheet of a hybrid H2 PSA-SSF membrane process...

To clarify the mutual interactions between the gas bubbles and its surrounding liquid flow (mostly turbulent) in a bubbly flow, information of bubble s shape and motion is one of the key issues as well as the surrounding liquid velocity distribution. Tokuhiro et al. (1998, 1999) enhanced the PIV/LIF combination technique proposed by Philip et al. (1994) with supplementation of SIT to simultaneously measure the turbulent flow velocity distribution in liquid phase around the gas bubble(s) and the bubble s shape and motion in a downward flow in a vertical square channel. The typical experimental setup of the combination of PIV, LIF, and SIT is shown in Figure 14. The hybrid measurement system consists of two CCD cameras one for PIV/LIF (rear camera) and the other for SIT (front). The fluorescent particles are Rhodamine-B impregnated, nominally 1-10 pm in diameter with specific density of 1.02, and illuminated in a light sheet of approximately 1 mm thickness (Tokuhiro et al., 1998,1999). The fluorescence is recorded through a color filter (to cut reflections) by the rear camera. A shadow of the gas bubble is produced from infrared LEDs located behind the gas bubble. A square "window" set within the array of LEDs provides optical access for... 

Figure 26 Schematic drawing for recently proposed crustal models, (a) Ductile flow model in its simplest form (e.g., Phipps Morgan and Chen, 1993 Quick and Denlinger, 1993 Nicolas et al., 1988). Ductile flow down and outward from a mid-crustal magma chamber constructs the lower crust, (b) Ductile flow model incorporating a basalt sill (Schouten and Denham, 1995). (c) Hybrid ductile flow model with on- and off-axis sill intrusions (Boudier et al., 1996). (d) Sheeted sill model with melt transport by hydrofracture and in situ emplacement of the lower crust by on-axis sill intrusions (Kelemen et al., 1997 Bedard et al., 1988) (reproduced by permission of Elsevier from...

For the study of the process, a set of partial differential model equations for a flat sheet pervaporation membrane with an integrated heat exchanger (see fig.2) has been developed. The temperature dependence of the permeability coefficient is defined like an Arrhenius function [S. Sommer, 2003] and our new developed model of the pervaporation process is based on the model proposed by [Wijmans and Baker, 1993] (see equation 1). With this model the effect of the heat integration can be studied under different operating conditions and module geometry and material using a turbulent flow in the feed. The model has been developed in gPROMS and coupled with the model of the distillation column described by [J.-U Repke, 2006], for the study of the whole hybrid system pervaporation distillation. 

Center flow forming, shown in Fig. 4-22, is used to produce parts with varying cross sections and those with larger part thickness tolerances. It is a versatile method and can be used alone or as a hybrid with the short flow method. It consists of two rolling banks of sheet which propagate in opposing directions. These banks produce the following effects ... 

The hybrid chemically etched/plate formed fin configuration is a three pass cross counter flow design. The core is vacuum brazed and consists of chemically etched water layers, closure bars, formed gas fins, parting sheets, and end sheets. Headers and mounting brackets are welded onto the core. This design was evaluated for three materials, titanium CP-70, stainless steel 347, and nickel alloy 625. 

---