Hybrid companies

Over the last two years, however, the pace accelerated dramatically and the company went through a major transition from a hybrid company operating in specialty chemicals, chemical films, and pharmaceuticals to a pure bio-pharmaceutical player. The unique feature of the situation is that the company was not just broken apart to give each of the parts more focus UCB took effective action, including the acquisition of another player, to significantly strengthen the specialty chemicals and films sectors before divesting them. The proceeds were then used to repay an important part of the debt incurred by a major acquisition in the pharmaceutical sector. 

A financial analyst looking at a company from a potential common stockholders point of view is hkely to classify preferred stock as debt. In contrast, bondholders and general creditors are likely to regard preferred stock as additional eqmty. Since preferred stock is a hybrid type of security, it may be issued by a company whose management is divided over the question of whether to use equity or debt to finance additional assets. However, preferred stock does have the disadvantage that the dividends are not allowed as a tax-deductible expense. 

There is no correct way to implement the integration project. You may choose a company-wide, facility-by-facility (or division-by-division) or hybrid approach. Factors that will influence your choice include ... 

PLATE 3 Cell culture of plants now takes place in individual containers cared for by hand. Automation of plant cell culture using chemical engineering techniques could improve the yields and economics of plant cell culture and expand the range of its applications in the production of new species and hybrids. Courtesy, Monsanto Company. 

In 1999 CambridgeSoft released a desktop/personal version of an e-notebook, specifically targeted at medicinal chemistry this incorporated reaction drawing and searching, automatic stoichiometry calculations, and simple procedure write-up using plain text. This system was adopted both by individuals, particularly in the academic community, and by small and mediumsized companies as an alternative to building an in-house hybrid system (Fig. 9.2). 

One of the most interesting recent developments has been the advent of the resin glass polyalkenoate cements (Antonucci, McKinney Stansbury, 1988 Mitra, 1989 Wilson, 1989, 1990 Mathis Ferracane, 1989 Minnesota Mining Manufacturing Company, 1989 Albers, 1990). They are dual-cure hybrids that set by a combination of acid-base and polymerization reactions, and there are several types. Polymerization is effected by either chemical or light initiation. 

And now think of the facade of a house painted with one of those new paints containing the sol-gel hybrid formulation recently commercialized by the world s largest chemical company (Chapter 4) that now will retain its fresh aspect for years. 

An early hybrid was the Woods Dual Power coupe, which was produced from 1917 to 1918. It had a four-cylinder gasoline engine next to an electric motor. Woods had been manufacturing electric cars since 1899 and the company attempted the hybrid to stay in business. But the car was expensive and its fuel economy was not an advantage since gasoline was not expensive. Few were sold. 

In 1998 the auto industry turned from weak commitments to a solid move toward fuel cells and EVs. All the auto companies are pursuing hydrogen fuel cells in some way. But, the new cars on the road in the near future are likely to be a mix of vehicles including those with electric drive, including battery EVs, hybrids with gasoline and direct-injection diesels, turbo generators and fuel cells. 

Some timetables for fuel cell prototypes announced by government and industry have proven too conservative. Many auto companies already have running drivable fuel cell prototypes. There was also some modest commercialization being achieved by 2004. Some of the predictions for commercialization have fallen behind or been discarded, but this is normal where complex products are involved and where vast market forces are at work. In the early days of automobiles little infrastructure was available, it grew along with the demand. The product was simple and could be repaired on the road with a few simple tools much as wagons were at the time. Transportation options were few and autos proved to be much superior over earlier methods of transportation. Today, hybrid cars are proving to be in demand and most manufacturers have models available in their lines... 

The timetables announced by government and industry have generally been proven too conservative. Many auto companies already have running drivable fuel cell prototypes and it appears likely that some moderate commercialization will be achieved in the next decade. Hybrids are already here and proving to be popular because of their efficiency. They are providing valuable data on the type of electric drives that would be used in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. 

The CSB survey identified examples of modified or hybrid techniques to identify reactive hazard scenarios and ensure the implementation of adequate safeguards. For example, companies conducting reactions in batch chemical reactors often conduct HAZOP studies by evaluating deviations from... 

FCE, of Danbury, CT, teamed with Allison Engine Company to evaluate a carbonate fuel cell combined with a gas turbine and a steam turbine generator. The system was operated at ambient pressure. The net power of the hybrid system was 20.6 MW and the NOx levels were less than 1 ppm. The process showed a 65 % efficiency with off-the-shelf turbomachinery and 72 % efficiency with cycle specific machinery. The COE is predicted to be comparable to present day alternatives. 

The data presented here constitute part of the results attained in the development of a research project funded by the European Community (EC) and performed in cooperation with three independent European companies [6]. Hybrid polymeric materials based on intimate blends of human serum albumin (HSA), alkyl hemiesters of alternating copolymers of maleic anhydride (MAn), and vinyl ethers of monomethoxyoligoethylene glycols (PEGVE) were selected as biocompatible matrices for the formulation of the nanoparticles. 

Electrochemical capacitors have been studied for many years. The first patents date back to 1957, where a capacitor based on high surface area carbon was described by Becker. Later in 1969 first attempts to market such devices were undertaken by Standard Oil Company of Ohio (SOHIO). However, only in the 1990s did electrochemical capacitors become famous in the context of hybrid electric vehicles. The electrochemical capacitor (EC) was supposed to boost the battery or the fuel cell in the hybrid electric vehicle to provide the necessaiy power for acceleration, and additionally allow for recuperation of brake energy (Viswanathan, 2006). 

In the tissue sections, a hybridization is performed with a highly specific probe in order to detect the target (either amplified by indirect in situ RT-PCR or unamplified). For the preparation of nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled probes, one should refer to the guidelines of the company manuals Genius M System User s guide for membrane hybridization and Nonradioactive in situ hybridization application manual (2nd ed., Boehringer Mannheim). 

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