Hyaluronan properties

Human immunodeficiency virus. See HIV Hyaluronan 170,175-177,176s hydrogen-bonding 176 properties of 175... 

Pritchard K., et al., Evaluation of the bioadhesive properties of hyaluronan derivatives detachment weight and mucociliary transport rate studies, J. Pharm., 129, 137, 1996. 

Viscosupplementation is a clinical procedure that is being used increasingly in the treatment of osteoarthritis. This technique uses a substance known as hyaluronan to restore the lubricating properties of synovial fluid in osteoarthritic joints.6,41 Hyaluronan is a polysaccharide that can be injected into an arthritic joint to help restore the normal viscosity of the synovial fluid.6 This treatment helps reduce joint stresses, thus limiting the progression of articular destruction seen in osteoarthritis.106 Viscosupplementation has therefore been shown to reduce pain and improve function in osteoarthritis.1,95... 

Abstract Carbohydrates have been investigated and developed as delivery vehicles for shuttling nucleic acids into cells. In this review, we present the state of the art in carbohydrate-based polymeric vehicles for nucleic acid delivery, with the focus on the recent successes in preclinical models, both in vitro and in vivo. Polymeric scaffolds based on the natural polysaccharides chitosan, hyaluronan, pullulan, dextran, and schizophyllan each have unique properties and potential for modification, and these results are discussed with the focus on facile synthetic routes and favorable performance in biological systems. Many of these carbohydrates have been used to develop alternative types of biomaterials for nucleic acid delivery to typical polyplexes, and these novel materials are discussed. Also presented are polymeric vehicles that incorporate copolymerized carbohydrates into polymer backbones based on polyethylenimine and polylysine and their effect on transfection and biocompatibility. Unique scaffolds, such as clusters and polymers based on cyclodextrin (CD), are also discussed, with the focus on recent successes in vivo and in the clinic. These results are presented with the emphasis on the role of carbohydrate and charge on transfection. Use of carbohydrates as molecular recognition ligands for cell-type specific dehvery is also briefly... 

Schneider A, Richert L, Francius G et al (2007) Elasticity, biodegradability and cell adhesive properties of chitosan/hyaluronan multilayer films. Biomed Mater 2 S45-S51... 

In this chapter we describe some methods used to determine the kinetics of the action of hyaluronidase. Thble 2 presents a survey of the Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) of the action of hyaluronidase on hyaluronan and chondiootin sulfate obtained using different methods. These assays usually make use of hyaluronan as a substrate for hyaluionidase. Various sources of hyalmonan are employed, but these arbitrates have different physicochemical properties (molecular weight intrinsic viscosity). Payan el al [130] investigated the action of Streptmnyces hyahnonidase on hyaluronan from several sources. 

Scott, J.E. and Heatley, F., Biological properties of hyaluronan in aqueous solution are controlled and sequestered by reversible tertiary structures, defined by NMR spectroscopy, Biomacromolecules, 3, 547, 2002. 

Pritchard, K., Lansely, A. B., Martin, G. P., Helliwell, M., Marriott, C., and Benedetti, L. M. (1996), Evaluation of bioadhesive properties of hyaluronan derivatives, detachment weight and mucociliary transport rate studies, Int. J. Pharm., 129,137-145. 

Chitosan, hyaluronan, In vitro Prolonged release, improved mucoadhesive properties 51... 

After my return to Boston, I extended my work on hyaluronan from the vitreus and the rooster comb to the synovial fluid. The physical properties, such as viscosity and elasticity, of synovial fluid were poorly understood, especially in human joints. I started to investigate the physical properties of cattle synovial fluid. As I had done 20 years earlier in Budapest, I went to the slaughterhouses of the Boston area and collected joint fluids. This time I was interested in how aging affects the physical properties and hyaluronan content of the joint fluid. The physical properties or, in more scientific terms, the rheology of the fluid is important because its role is to protect and lubricate the tissues of the joint. I traveled to Iowa to collect synovial fluids from cattle herds fed various diets that contained hormones. I hoped to discover a hormonal control of hyaluronan synthesis, similar to the one Szirmai and I had found that controlled hyaluronan synthesis in the rooster comb. 

During my sabbatical year in Paris, I had time to plan for the future. I became convinced that it was time to start a concentrated effort to modify hyaluronan chemically for a diversity of therapeutic uses. First of all, to increase the elastic properties of the molecule in solution, the molecules themselves had to have a larger molecular mass. A second goal was to... 

In recent years, new biological roles have been ascribed to HA along with its essential function as a component of ECM. Due to its unique rheological properties, hyaluronan has found many applications in pharmacy and medicine. Since it has been reported that biological effects of HA depend on its molar mass, methods of... 

Sundararaghavan HG, Metter RB, Burdick JA (2010) Electrospun fibrous scaffolds with multiscale and photopattemed porosity. Macromol Biosci 10(3) 265-270 Vanderhooft JL et al (2009) Rheological properties of cross-linked hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogels for tissue engineering. Macromol Biosci 9( l) 20—28... 

Animal venoms usually possess hyaluronidase activity [17]. The enzymatic properties, including hyaluronidase, of snake venoms have been extensively studied by Tan et al. [18]. Snake hyaluronidase acts on hyaluronan, chondroitin, and chondroitin-4- and -6-sulfate, producing various oligosaccharides, mainly tetrasaccharides [1]. 

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