Rumen, bovine

The prompt identification of bacteria that are animal pathogens is important to veterinarians maintaining the health of pets, livestock, and poultry.14 It is also important to physicians if the animal pathogens are transmissible to humans. In animal husbandry, information on the species found in specialized microbial habitats, such as the bovine rumen, can even be used to improve the efficiency of feed conversion.15... 

Khan, S.U. and M.H. Akhtar. 1983. In vitro release of bound (nonextractable) atrazine residues from com plants by chicken liver homogenate and bovine rumen liquor. Jour. Agric. Food Chem. 31 641-644. 

Leedle JAZ, Greening RC. 1988. Methanogenic and acidogenic bateria in the bovine rumen postprandial changes after feeding high- or low-forage diets once daily. Appl Environ Microbiol 54 502-6. 

Swanson, S.P. et ah. Metabolism of three trichothecene mycotoxins, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and deox5mivalenol, by bovine rumen microorganisms, J. Chromatogr., 414, 335, 1987. 

Lachnospira multiparus D15d was a bovine rumen isolate obtained from R. Hespell, USDA laboratories, Peoria, IL. Enzymes were evaluated in concentrated/dialyzed medium. 

Cook, J.W. 1957. In vitro destruction of some organophosphate pesticides by bovine rumen fluid. Agric. Food. Chem. 5 859-863. 

L.L., Lisak, J., Stolz, J.F., Oremland, R.S. (2002). Dissimila-tory arsenate reductase activity and arsenate-respiring bacteria in bovine rumen fluid, hamster feces, and the termite hindgut. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 41 59-67. 

Palm Fiber. Palm press fiber or pericarp fiber includes not only palm press fiber from the oil extraction process but also empty fruit bunches and kernel shells. Its high fiber and lignin content, comparable to wood, and low palatability limit its use in animal feed (55). It exhibits very slow digestion in the bovine rumen such that processing to increase its nutrient content is required prior to use (59). Supplementation with molasses, urea, and vitamins allows palm press fiber to be... 

Rumen Strain. In studies on strain Ml of M. ruminantium isolated from bovine rumen contents, we confirmed the results of Smith and Hungate (17), showing that this species requires factors present in rumen fiuid (23). It would not grow in medium containing H2-CO2, bicarbonate, sulfide, cysteine, yeast extract, trypticase, and minerals unless rumen fiuid was also added. In further experiments (23) we assayed fractions of rumen fiuid using the above medium and showed that growth factors could be separated into two components by acidification and ether extraction. One factor was not extractable with ether, and others were shown to be volatile acids. 

Formate as an Intermediate in the Bovine Rumen Fermentation, J. Bacteriol (1970) 102,389-397. 

Rumen cell-free Mixed bovine-rumen spear grass (hemi- unknown, now -70 217... 

Annamalai, T., Mohan Nair, M. K., Marek, P., Vasudevan, P., Schreiber, D., Knight, R., Hoagland, T., and Venkitanarayanan, K. (2004). In vitro inactivation of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in bovine rumen fluid by caprylic acid. J. Food Prot. 67, 884—888. 

OH)2D2-degradatlon products from rat blle,32 and the lO-oxo-19-nor-5,6-trans-dervlatlve of D2, D, and 25-OH-D2 (structures not shown) resulting from the Incubation of bovine rumen flora with the respective... 

Parathion, paraoxon and EPN are subject to reduction of the aromatic nitro group to an amino group [159] by mammalian, avian and piscine tissues [160], Paraoxon is the most readily reduced of the three compounds, EPN the least. Paraoxon metabolism to aminoparaoxon is the route of inactivation by rat, chicken and guinea-pig livers in vitro [160]. However, enzymatic hydrolysis of the phosphorus-nitrophenyl linkage of the oxo-analogues appears to he a major pathway of detoxication in manunals [142, 161, 162] but bovine rumen fluid is capable of reducing parathion and EPN to their... 

Carboxylic lonophores and Efficiency of Feed Conversion by Livestock. A strong note of relevance to studies of the chemical and pharmacological properties of carboxylic lonophores derives from the large scale use of monensin as a livestock feed additive. The rationale is that carboxylic lonophores control endemic coccidiosis in the poultry gut (30) and promote a more favorable fermentation of cellulose in the bovine rumen (31). In either case, the net result is the economically important Increased efficiency of conversion of feed into meat. 

Lee PC, Lee SY, Hong SH, Chang HN (2002) Isolation and characterization of a new succinic acid-producing bacterium, Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E, from bovine rumen. Appl Microbiol Biotech 58 663-668... 

Minor constit. of butter fat, sheep perinephric fat and bovine rumen bacteria. Mp 55.4-56.6 . 

Fatty Acids to Stearic Acid by a Strain of Butyrivihrio hungatei from the Bovine Rumen,... 

Guettler MV, Rumler D, Jain MK. (1999). Actinobacillus succinogenes sp. nov., a novel succinic-acid-producing strain from the bovine rumen. Int J Syst Bacteriol, 49, 207-216. 

Kuhnert P, Scholten E, Haefner S, Mayor D, Frey J. (2010). Basfia succiniciproducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae isolated from bovine rumen. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 60, 44—50. 

The preparation of hydrolysates from a variety of meat sources has been considered, including bovine lung and bovine rumen (Webster et al., 1982) and mechanically deboned poultry (Smith and Brekke, 1985). Of the enzymes investigated, pepsin, papain and neutrase appear to be the most useful. 

Strain Niu-016 Dihydrodaidzein Bovine rumen Wangetal. [Ill] Zhao et al. [112]... 

R. M. Theater, and P. J. Wood, Use of Congo Red-Polysaccharide Interactions in Enumeration and Characterization of Cellulolytic Bacteria from the Bovine Rumen, App. Environ. Microbiol., 43 777 (1982). 

Dickinson, J.M., Smith, G.R., Randel, R.D. Pemberton, I.J. (1988). In vitro metabolism of for-mononetin and biochanin a in bovine rumen fluid. Journal of Animal Science, 66,1969-1973. 

Eight carbamate pesticides were analyzed in bovine rumen. The method was based on extraction, partition, and an addititmal sweep condistillation step. This cleanup gave more re oducible results compared to cellulose-carbon column cleanup. The spots were visualized with either anisaldehyde or lV,2,6-trichloto-benzoquinoneimine after reversed-phase TLC (68). Carbamate and urea herbicides such as chlorpropham, metobromuron, and chlorbromuron were determined in medicinal plants by TLC. First they were hydrolyzed by alkali to 3-chloro-, 4-bromo-, and 3-chloro-4-bromoaniIines. These aniline derivatives were detected with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde after TLC separation (Table 4) (69). Af-methyl carbamate pesticides can be separated by reversed-phase chromatography and analyzed by MS (70). 

---