Hunter reversion

Measurement of Whiteness. The Ciba-Geigy Plastic White Scale is effective in the visual assessment of white effects (79), but the availabihty of this scale is limited. Most evaluations are carried out (ca 1993) by instmmental measurements, utilising the GIF chromaticity coordinates or the Hunter Uniform Color System (see Color). Spectrophotometers and colorimeters designed to measure fluorescent samples must have reversed optics, ie, the sample is illuminated by a polychromatic source and the reflected light passes through the analy2er to the detector. 

Miller RJ, Smith CR, DeMaster DJ, Pomes WL (2000) Feeding selectivity and rapid particle processing by deep-sea megafaunal deposit feeders A " Th tracer approach. J Mar Res 58 653-573 Moore RM, Hunter KA (1985) Thorium adsorption in the ocean - reversibility and distribution amongst particle sizes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49 2253-2257 Moore RM, Millward GE (1988) The kinetics of reversible Th reactions with marine particles. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52 113-118... 

Hunter and Grant (1971) showed that the magnitude of the altitude effect on yield varied with season. In spring, yields were decreased by some 5% for every 30.5 m rise in altitude and in autumn by 1.8%. In summer, yield trends were non-significant or reversed, highest yields sometimes occurring at the higher altitudes. This result was related to the development of moisture stress at lower altitudes. 

This model was introduced by Neville and Hunter (13,14) for the case of sterically stabilized dispersions which have undergone reversible flocculation. It is assumed that the major contribution to the excess energy dissipation in such pseudoplastic systems comes from the need to provide energy from the shear field to separate contacting particles. Under these conditions, the extrapolated yield value is given by the expression (13,32,33),... 

The polymerization of olefins in the presence of halides such as aluminum chloride and boron fluoride but in the absence of hydrogen halide promoter may also be described in terms of the complex carbonium ion formed by addition of the metal halide (without hydrogen chloride or hydrogen fluoride) to the olefin (cf. p. 28). These carbonium ions are apparently more stable than those of the purely hydrocarbon type the reaction resulting in their formation is less readily reversed than is that of the addition of a proton to an olefin (Whitmore, 18). Polymerization in the presence of such a complex catalyst, may be indicated as follows (cf. Hunter and Yohe, 17) ... 

Hug GL, Bonifacic M, Asmus K-D, Armstrong DA (2000a) Fast decarboxylation of aliphatic amino adds induced by 4-carboxybenzophenone triplets in aqueous solutions. A nanosecond laser flash photolysis study. J Phys Chem B 104 6674-6682 Hug GL, Carmichael I, Fessenden RW (2000b) Direct EPR observation of the aminomethyl radical during the radiolysis of glycine. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2 907-908 Hunter EPL, DesrosiersMF, Simic MG (1989) The effect of oxygen, antioxidants and superoxide radical on tyrosine phenoxyl radical dimerization. Free Rad Biol Med 6 581-585 Ito O (1992) Flash photolysis study for reversible addition reactions of thiyl radicals with olefins and acetylenes. Trends Phys Chem 3 245-266... 

FIGURE 11.3 Electrophoretic mobility of zeolite as a function of HDTMA loading indicating external charge reversal. (Adapted from Sullivan, E.J., Hunter, D.B., and Bowman, R.S., Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 1948, 1998. With permission.)... 

Moore R. M. and Hunter K. A. (1985) Thorium adsorption in the ocean reversibility and distribution amongst particle sizes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 2253-2257. 

An overview chapter by Hamel and Hunter presents the state of the art of research on bioseparations. Extraction processes using biphasic aqueous systems, liquid membranes, reversed-micellar systems, and membrane processes are all being actively studied. Significant advances in these topics, including predictive mathematical models, are presented in the first section. The second section includes several papers on affinity and other interaction techniques that are finding uses in protein purification. In the last section, we offer several reports that delineate advances in isolation and purification processes such as electrophoresis and chromatography. 

Although the density of the supercritical extractant is typically lower than that of the polymer, the column could as easily operate upside down, that is, if the density of the supercritical extractant was higher than that of the feed oil, the inlet positions of the respective streams shown in figure 9.2 would be reversed. Later in this chapter some phase and fractionation studies on an acrylate-ethylene copolymer with supercritical chlorodifluoromethane are presented. Over much of its active P-T range, supercritical chlorodifluoromethane is more dense than some of the polymers. Therefore, if that system were to be scaled to continuous operation at the commercial level, the liquid or melted polymer would be fed to the bottom of the extractor and chlorodifluoromethane to the top the subsequent fractions would be removed from the top of each separation vessel instead of from the bottom, as shown in the figure. In the polymers patent section of this book, we describe a process for polymer fractionation via stepwise pressure reduction exactly analogous to the process shown schematically in figure 9.2—the Hunter and Richards 1945 patent. 

It is consistent with the scapegoat theory of witchcraft, but not with the psychopathological theory of it, that the individuals persecuted as witches were often helpless and poor and that, in addition to witches, Jews, heretics of all sorts, Protestants, and scientists whose opinions threatened Church dogma, were also victimized by the Inquisition. In short, whereas psychiatric theory relates the belief in witchcraft and the persecution of witches to the mental diseases supposedly harbored by the witches, the scapegoat theory relates them to the specific conditions of the society in which such beliefs and practices occurred. Because of these different perspectives, psychiatric investigations of witchcraft concentrate on the witches and ignore the witch-hunters, while nonpsychiatric investigations of it reverse this focus. ... 

Both reversed phase and normal phase chromatography have been used for the separation of the androstanes. In general normal phase chromatography using unmodified silica as the stationary phase is the preferred mode of separation since better resolution of all the epimeric steroids except the 17-epimers can be achieved (Hunter et al.,... 

Hunter RJ, James M. (1992). Charge reversal of kaolinite by hydrolysable metal ions An electroacoustic study. Clays and Clay Minerals 40(6) 644-649. 

Chambers D, Paulden M, Paton F, Heirs M, Duffy S, Craig D, Hunter J, Wilson J. Sugammadex for the reversal of muscle relaxation in general anaesthesia a systematic review and economic assessment. Health Technol Assess 2010 14(39) 1-211. 

According to Fuerstenau and Hunter (Hunter 1988, p. 233), the physical adsorption is relevant for counter-ions it does not affect the lEP, but can result in charge reversal at sufficiently high ion concentrations. In contrast, chemisorption can occur even when the surface charge has the same sign as the ion. Consequently, chemically adsorbing ions can affect the lEP. 

T.W. Healy, A. Homola, R.O. James, R.J. Hunter, Coagulation of amphoteric latex colloids reversibility and specific ion effects. Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 65, 156-163 (1978). doi 10. 1039/dc9786500156... 

The Stability constant for the metal/ligand (monomer) complexation should be large to afford high molecular weight polymers in isotropic solution. Moreover, the complexation should be readily reversible (kinetically labile) to impart dynamic properties to the polymers. Two recent examples of soluble, reversible coordination polymers are the self-assembled porphyrins of Michelsen and Hunter [122] and the high molecular weight copper(II) coordination polymers of Leize, Lehn, and coworkers [123],... 

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