Humic acids aquatic

Winner, R.W. and J.D. Gauss. 1986. Relationship between chronic toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper, cadmium and zinc as affected by water hardness and humic acid. Aquat. Toxicol. 8 149-161. 

Figure 5. Comparison of TA100 mutagenic activities of XAD-2/ethyl ether extracts of treated water and chlorinated model compounds. O, treated water , amino acids A, humic acids (Fluka AG) , humic acids (aquatic) and A, humic acids (peat bogs). (Reproduced with permission from reference 16. Copyright 1986 Water Research Centre.)...

MacCarthy P-, Malcolm R.L. (1989), The nature of commercial humic acids. Aquatic Humic Substances, 4, Influence on Fate and Treatment of Pollutants, American Chemical Sodet), 55-64. 

Characterization of Aquatic Humic Acid Fractions by Fluorescence Depolarization Spectroscopy... 

GOLDBERG AND NEGOMIR Aquatic Humic Acid Fractions... 

Shimp J, FK Pfaender (1985b) Influence of naturally occurring humic acids on biodegradation of monosubstituted phenols by aquatic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 49 402-407. 

Czerwinski KR, Buckau G, Scherbaum F, Kim JI (1994) Complexation of the uranyl ion with aquatic humic acid. Radiochim Acta 65 111-119... 

Humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) are the main components of humic substances (HS), which are the most chemically and biochemically active and widely spread fractions of nonliving natural organic matter in all terrestrial and aquatic environments. They comprise a chemically and physically heterogeneous group of substances with colloidal, polydis-persed, polyelectrolyte characteristics and mixed aliphatic and aromatic nature (Senesi and Loffredo 1999). 

Paulauskis, J.D. and R.W. Winner. 1988. Effects of water hardness and humic acid on zinc toxicity to Daphnia magna Straus. Aquat. Toxicol. 12 273-290. 

Many of the PCBs found in the aquatic environment (e.g., in lakes and in the Arctic and Antarctic) have migrated via atmospheric dispersion of vapors [404-410]. Vaporization of PCBs from soil decreases as the amount of humic material in the solid phase increases due to mainly partitioning processes [381-390]. Griffin and Chian [363] note that vaporization of PCBs from suspensions of solids or humic acids is reduced by the presence of these materials. 

The sorption behaviour of antibiotics, in particular, can be very complex and therefore difficult to assess. As an example, ciprofloxacin has a log ATqw equal to 0.28, conferring it with a small tendency to leave the aquatic phase however, it does sorb well onto active sludge or sediments [62, 63] in WWTP. Tetracyclines (log A ow equal to 1.4), on the other hand, form complexes with double cations (calcium and magnesium) present in the water [64] and also tend to adsorb onto the surface of complexes between humic acids and hydrous Al oxide [65]. 

Leversee, G. J., P. F. Landrum, J. P. Giesy, and T. Fannin, Humic acids reduce bioaccumulation of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 40, Suppl. 2, 63-69 (1983). 

Conversely, the coal-based Fluka humic acid may be too different from the aquatic humic matter in terms of molecular weight, solubility, and functional group to serve as the best model for toxicological evaluation of drinking water-derived substances. 

NOM is common in sediments, soils, and near ambient (<50 °C) water. The materials result from the partial decomposition of organisms. They contain a wide variety of organic compounds, including carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, phenols, amino acids, and humic substances (Drever, 1997, 107-119 Wang and Mulligan, 2006, 202). Humic substances are especially important in interacting with arsenic. They result from the partial microbial decomposition of aquatic and terrestrial plants. The major components of humic substances are humin, humic acids, and fulvic acids. By definition, humin is insoluble in water. While fulvic acids are water-soluble under all pH conditions, humic acids are only soluble in water at pH >2 (Drever, 1997, 113-114). 

Chiou, C.T., D.E. Kile, T.I. Brinton, R.L. Malcolme, J.A. Leenheer, and P. MacCarthy. 1987. A comparison of water solubility enhancements of organic solutes by aquatic humic materials and commercial humic acids. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21 1231-1234. 

Amino acid Aquatic humic substances Jahnel and Frimmel (1996)... 

---