Humans elemental composition

DETERMINATION OF ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF HUMAN BLOOD SERUM BY ICP AES... 

THE LIFE-TIME ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF HUMAN LIVER PUNCTURES (SRXRF)... 

The role of nails in human metabolism is still the unexplored field. Nowadays, on the literature sources, there is no information about elemental content of each nail of individual human. There is a little information about how the elements to get into the nail structure. Weather it is possible the exogenous elements to enter the nail or no How the elements to distribute in different nails of the same individual How the elements to distribute on the total area of nail Weather the changes in elemental composition in time take place. 

Valkovic, V. (1988). Human Hair. Fundamentals and Methods for Measurement of Elemental Composition. Boca Raton CRC Press, Inc., Vol. 1 No 20, 164 pp. 

G.V. Iyengar, W.E. Kollmer, H.J.M. Bowen, The Elemental Composition of Human Tissues and Body Fluids, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1978. 

FIGURE 1.1 Estimated elemental composition (by mass percent) of (a) the earth s crust and (b) the human body. Oxygen is the most abundant element in both. Only the major constituents are shown in each case small amounts of many other elements are also present. 

J. K. Friel, W. L. Andrews, S. E. Jackson, H. P. Longerich, C. Mercer, A. McDonald, B. Dawson, B. Sutradhar, Elemental composition of human milk from mothers of premature and full-term infants during the first three months of lactation, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 67 (1999), 225-247. 

Elemental speciation studies show that human milk, especially colostrum and transitional milk, is very rich in HMW species associated with metals. Of course, many more studies are needed for a reliable speciation of such HMW compounds. In this sense, validation approaches, both for the reliable identification and exact determination of such species, should be urgently developed. In the same way as the elemental composition and/or distribution of human milk can be considered ideal for feeding the newborn, the composition of formula milks for newborns should ideally be as similar as possible to maternal milk at every lactating stage. However, essential element speciation in formula milks is far from that of human milk (the ideal composition). This could explain why the bioavailability of essential elements (including Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Se, and Zn) from formula milk is much lower than from human milk. Hence, artificial formulas are usually supplemented with such essential elements. More scientific knowledge is definitely necessary on the composition (speciation) of such elements and more attention must be paid to the chemical form in which they are added to formula milks. 

Structural Information from Spectral Data. The kinds of information that can be derived from an unknown mass spectrum by either human or computer examination include the identities of substructural parts of the molecule (parts that both should, and should not, be present), data concerning the size of the molecule (molecular weight, elemental composition), and the reliability of each of these postulations. In our opinion, the latter is much more critical for mass-spectral interpretive algorithms than those for techniques such as NMR and IR the effect of a particular substructure on the mass spectrum is often dependent on other parts of the molecule, and a thorough understanding of these effects can only be achieved by studying the spectra of closely related molecules. 

Wilhehn, M., Ohnesore, F. K., Lombeck, 1., and Hafner, D., Uptake of aluminum, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc by human scalp hair and elution of the adsorbed metals, /. Anal. Toxicol, 13,17,1989. Valkovic, V., Human Hair Fundamentals and Methods for Measurement of Elemental Composition, Volume 1, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1988. 

Kopito, L. E. and Shwachman, H., Alterations in the elemental composition of hair in some diseases, in The First Human Hair Symposium, Brown, A. C., Ed., Medcom Press, New York, 1974, 83. Harkey, M. R. and Henderson, G. L., Hair analysis for drugs of abuse, in Advances in Analytical Toxicology, 2nd ed., Baselt, R. C., Ed., Biomedical Press, Foster City, CA, 1984, 298. 

Biological Role of Calcium. Calcium represents a large weight fraction of the elemental composition of the human body. Of the 1.3 kg of... 

Radioactivity is a part of nature—in the process of element formation by nuclear reactions taking place in stars, both stable and radioactive isotopes of elements are formed. The isotopic composition of elements is characterized by properties of nuclear reactions that led to the formation of the elements. Elemental composition of the planet Earth, thought to be about 4.5x 10 years old, although not yet in chemical equilibrium, reflects the composition of the material from which it was formed. Therefore, a number of radionuclides occur in nature, having long half-lives (longer than the age of Earth). In addition there are natural processes which continuously produce new radioisotopes. Recently, human activities have also contributed to the increased concentration of some of the radionuclides. 

We have analyzed the chemical composition of soil surrounding the femurs office human skeletons buried during the Middle Woodland Period in west-central Illinois in order to document the movement of specific chemical elements between soil and bone. The use of elemental composition of bone as a measure of ancient diet is predicated on the absence of appreciable elemental flux between soil and bone. 

Because of the normal heterogeneity of soil and because of possible unnatural alterations introduced at the time of burial, such as grave goods that have since decomposed, elemental analysis of soils and discernment of spatial trends of specific elements are fraught with difficulties. Nonetheless, we believe that we have documented permanent and diagnostic alterations in the soil composition as the result of elemental interchange with the skeleton. Furthermore, these observations correspond in almost every detail to those made in our study of the relative elemental compositions of excavated human ribs and femurs (8). 

Modern-day diets are composed of foods from all five Continents and often reflect the elemental compositions of the soil used to grow those crops and to raise the animals, as mentioned in Chapter 2, it has been estimated that a human eats approximately 8 kg of soil during a lifetime. Thus, a varied and ample diet will probably protect against trace-metal deficiencies for most of a lifetime. However, the reduction in physical activity, in circulation, and in appetite in later life, may lead to less trace elements being taken in. Thus, it is often advisable to increase the concentrations of such trace metals for older persons, to counteract their lower presence in the smaller diets see Wound Dressings, page 70). 

The pie chart on page 19 shows the elemental composition of the typical human. Which element makes up the largest percentage of the total mass Which element is present in the largest number of atoms ... 

Iyengar GV, Kollmer WE, Bowen HIM. 1978. The elemental composition of human tissues and body fluids A compilation of values for adults. Weinheim, NY Verlag Chemie. 

L. E. Kopito and H. Schwachman, in Alternation in the Elemental Composition of Hair in Some Diseases, The First Human Hair Symposium (Ed. A. C. Brown), Medcom Press, Petach-Tikva, 111. 1974, p. 83. 

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