Human serum, pooled

NCCLS (1999) Preparation and validation of commutable frozen human serum pools as secondary reference materials for cholesterol measurement procedures. NCCLS, Wayne, Pa. NCCLS document C37-A... 

Figure 2 illustrates serum protein separation by centrifugal precipitation chromatography the chromatographic tracing of the elution curve in Fig. 2a and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of separated fractions in Fig. 2b. In this example, lOOmL of normal human serum (pooled) was diluted to 1 mL and introduced into the separation channel. The experiment was initiated by filling both upper and lower channel with 75% AS solution followed by sample...

O Brien, P.A., Rand, R.N. and Ziegler, P.S. (1981). The stability of a human serum pool which has been stored up to three weeks at 4°C, -20°C and -70°C, as analyzed using Kodak Ektachem clinical chemistry slides. Clin. Chem. 27, 1077, Abstr. 265. 

Figure 44-10 Cardiac troponin i imprecision profiles for human serum pools using different cTnl assays, with 0% CV concentration indicated by the dashed line. (From Panteghini M, Pagani F, Yeo KT, Apple FS, Christenson RH, Dati F, et al. Evaluation of the impredsion at low range concentrations of the assays for cardiac troponin determination. Clin Chem 2004 50 327-32.)...

Administration of preformed anhbodies, taken from animals, flxm pooled human serum, or flom human cell-lines is often used to treat an existing infechon (e.g. tetanus, diphtheria) or condition (venomous snake-bite). Pooled human serum may also be administered prophylachcally, within a slow-release vehicle, for those persons entering parts of the world where diseases such as hepatitis A are endemic. Such administrations confer no long-term immunity and will interfere with conciurent vaccinalion procedures. 

The noncovalent approach is based on the use of complexes containing suitable moieties which are able to recognize specific proteins, primarily human serum albumin (HSA). When the targeting protein is confined in the blood, the adduct between the serum albumin and the functionalized complex may function as a blood pool agent. Due to the reversible nature of binding between the protein and the paramagnetic chelate, these adducts maintain excretory pathways typical of small complexes which, from the pharmacological point of view, favors them over covalently bound macromolecules. 

Aliquots (420 pi) of the emulsion will be preincubated for 90 min at 37°C with 80 pi of heat-inactivated pooled human serum as a source of apoCII [40]. 

A good correlation between ELISA and IPCR was found with recovery rates between 120% and 83%, and a detection limit of 0.2 pg/mL for VEGF in 10% pooled mouse standards and 2 pg/ml in 10% individual human serum was observed. This example illustrates how matrix effects influence performance of the IPCR, an important point in adapting the IPCR protocol to novel problems. Optimization of experimental parameters, however, allowed... 

Human blood samples can rather easy be converted to human serum with the use of BD Vacutainer SST centrifugation tubes (Becton Dickinson Diagnostics, Franklin Lakes, NJ). If serum purification is considered over custom orders, the reader should consider pooling serum from several individuals. The serum should also be heat inactivated at 56°C for 30 min. Inactivation may cause precipitation thus sterile filtration of the serum is recommended. 

RflUP 13 Relativity of four different 1-Asp preparations immobilized on a microti ter with human antibodies to E. coli preparation L It is depressed as o.d. 405 nm values. Hie patient s serum (standard strum) was diluted serially in pooled normal human serum before antibodies were quantified by ELISA. The antibodies bind significantly better to both coir preparations compared to Erumia- and PEG-Asp. 

In contrast small amounts of HECS (human endothelial cell supernatant) will supplement serum-free media for the growth of hybridomas. HECS is the culture supernatant from cells grown in the presence of 30% pooled human serum. The important factors are only released from the endothelial cells in the presence of the human serum, but continue to be secreted for 3 days (Astaldi, 1983). 

Human serum albumin (HSA), for blood pool assessment, lung, and heart imaging15,231. 

Caeruloplasmin (Cp) is the major copper-containing protein of human serum and is an acute phase reactant, being synthesised in increased amounts by the liver in inflammation [27]. Several groups have suggested that the pool of non-Cp-bound copper, capable of catalysing oxidative reactions, was elevated in rheumatoid extracellular fluids [28,29], However, these reports are likely to be artifactual, since Cp readily loses its copper during storage-induced oxidation/proteolysis [30,31]. 

Normal serum was pooled from normal donors, stored for several hours at 37 °C, and frozen in glass tubes. Rabbit antisera to the following human proteins From Hyland, antisera to albumin (list 071-107), fibrinogen (list 071-108), human fraction III-I (list 071-103), -lipoproteins (list 071-113), human serum (list 071-121), Fab (071-258), Fc (071-259). From Mann Research Labs., antisera to 7s gamma-globulins (cat. 231) and total gamma-globulins (cat. 8090). From Hoechst, Woodbury, N. Y. antiserum to pre-albumin (code 8506). 

Immune globulin (IG) is a purified preparadon of gamma globulin. It is derived from large pools of human plasma and is comprised of four subclasses of andbocUes, approximadng the cUsd ibudon of human serum (Ballow, 2005). 

Recoveries of the present HPLC method were tested by using a pooled human serum, blood, or urine, to which were added various amounts of histidine prior to the sample preparation. The mean recovery values were in the range of 101-104%. The values of histidine in human sera, blood, and urine, determined by the HPLC method, were 85.6 15.0 pM (n = 47, mean SD), 95.3 pM (n = 2. 

Lyophilized and liquid preparations containing various enzymes are available from commercial sources, and these have a usefid function in quality control. Serum pools can also be prepared in the laboratory for quality control purposes (with care to exclude any specimens contaminated with hepatitis virus or human immunodeficiency virus), then assayed for enzyme activity and stored m a freezer in small portions for daily use. 

Linearity refers to the relationship between measured and expected values over the analytical measurement range. Linearity may be considered in relation to actual or relative analyte concentrations. In the latter case, a dilution series of a sample may be studied. This is often carried out for immunoassays, in which case it is investigated whether the measured concentration declines as expected according to the dilution factor. Dilution is usually carried out with the appropriate sample matrix (e.g., human serum [individual or pooled serum]). 

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