Blood pooling

Chivers T (2003) Imido Analogues of Phosphorus Oxo and Chalcogenido Anions. 229 143-159 Chow H-F, Leung C-F, Wang G-X, Zhang J (2001) Dendritic Oligoethers. 217 1-50 Clarkson RB (2002) Blood-Pool MRI Contrast Agents Properties and Characterization. 221 201-235... 

Idee J-M, Tichkowsky I, Port M, Petta M, Le Lem G, Le Greneur S, Meyer D, Corot C (2002) lodiated Contrast Media from Non-Specific to Blood-Pool Agents. 222 151-171 Igau A, see Majoral J-P (2002) 220 53-77 Imamoto T, see Crepy KVL (2003) 229 1-40 Iwaoka M, Tomoda S (2000) Nucleophilic Selenium. 208 55-80... 

Clarkson RB (2002) Blood-Pool MRl Contrast Agents Properties and Characterization. 221 201-235... 

The noncovalent approach is based on the use of complexes containing suitable moieties which are able to recognize specific proteins, primarily human serum albumin (HSA). When the targeting protein is confined in the blood, the adduct between the serum albumin and the functionalized complex may function as a blood pool agent. Due to the reversible nature of binding between the protein and the paramagnetic chelate, these adducts maintain excretory pathways typical of small complexes which, from the pharmacological point of view, favors them over covalently bound macromolecules. 

Dextrans are also attractive as macromolecular carriers of paramagnetic chelates because of their hydrophilicity, the different available molecular weights with narrow polydispersity, and the versatility of activation methods applicable. Several DTPA- or DOTA-loaded carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) derivatives have been prepared and tested in blood pool MRI.136-139 The relaxivities reported for these compounds are, however, relatively moderate. 

Clarkson, R. B. Blood-Pool MRI Contrast Agents Properties and Characterization. In Contrast Agents I. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Krause, W., Ed. Topics in Current Chemistry, Springer Berlin, 2002 Vol. 221, p 202. 

Five repeated exposures of 200 ppm for 12.5 min every 4 d resulted in increased cardiac-specific creatine phosphokinase activity in the blood (pooled data measured at 2 h after the first, third, and fifth exposures) and ectopic heart beats during the first 2 min after injection of norepinephrine (after the fifth exposure) but failed to induce cardiac lesions (histopathologic examinations at 14 d postexposure) (O Flaherty and Thomas 1982). The rats were restrained and anesthetized. 

Gadolinium-dendrimer conjugates have been used as blood pool contrast agents in vivo for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumors [65]. The efficacy of the conjugates in such applications is dependent on their biodistribution properties, and these properties vary as a function of dendrimer molecular weight and chemical composition [50]. Dendrimer architecture and synthesis... 

Absorption, the transport from the site of administration to the general circulation. For example the transport of a drug from the gastrointestinal lumen, via the portal vein and the liver to the central venous blood pool ... 

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