Human error theories

Application of existing human error theory in the road transport domain ... 

Chapter 2, Understanding Human Performance and Error, provides a comprehensive overview of the main approaches that have been applied to analyze, predict, and reduce human error. This chapter provides the reader with the vmderlying theories of human error that are needed to xmderstand and apply a systems approach to its reduction. 

This indicates that error management comprises two strategies proactive methods are applied to prevent errors occurring, and reactive strategies are used to learn lessons from incidents that have occurred and to apply these lessons to the development of preventive measures. Both proactive and reactive methods rely on an understanding of the courses of human error based on the theories and perspectives presented in this book. The tools and tech-... 

In practice, there are many sources of error apart from the inaccuracies of theory. In addition, there is human error, measurement error, batch variation of the colorants, and the nonreproducibility of the coloration process itself [2], Once a process is under control, the next step is to apply color formulation software. It has been shown that many of the past methods have not proven to be completely viable for the variety of color applications encountered today. 

Human errors may be accidentally performed by all personnel - designers, engineers, operators, and managers. Some theories attribute up to 90% of all accidents to human errors. 

What causes pollution problems Firstly, scientific theories are often based on approximation, and one may neglect side reactions. Minamata disease was due to the by-products generated from the side reaction. Secondly, careless mistakes or human errors may take place as exemplified in Bhopal and Chernobyl. The concern for safety should always be of first priority to the chemical industry. 

For accident mechanism theory, many domestic and foreign scholars and experts have done much research and put forward a lot of typical accident theory. Such as Domino accident model theory proposed by Heinrich in 1936, Energy transfer accident theory proposed by Gibson in 1961, then derived by Haddon in 1966, Gold mine accident model proposed by Lawrence in 1974, and so on. In domestic, Chen Baozhi put forward the two class of hazard point in 1995, Zhang Li put forward Human error accident model in Complex man-machine system in 1996, He Xueqiu put forward... 

By reason analysis for coal mine accident Occurred in our country in recent years, relying on the error theory, based on the accident mechanism that predecessors had established (Li Zhicheng, et al. 2005), the paper constructed coal mine accidents human error model , as shown in Figure 1. 

That the theory coal mine accidents human error model proposed in the paper mainly reflects that human error is the ultimate reason lead to accident. The model contains two parts, that is, inside and out the red line region. Part of outside red line region embodies the relationship from the macroscopic among human error, object misconduct and environmental degradation, and the accident mechanism and consequences Part of inside red region describes the different accident processes from the microscopic. As shown in the model diagram, object misconduct and environmental degradation are... 

Reliability theory is based on probability theory, but is only used today to indicate possible values of the various safety factors in use. A historical development of the measurement of safety is given in Chapter 3 and, as we shall see, the traditional safety factors only measure part of the uncertainty surrounding the construction and eventual use of a structure. These factors, which are usually the ratio of some estimated critical load or stress for the structure to the estimated working load or stress, are crude and ignore the possibility of human error. 

We are perhaps now in a position to attempt to consider the matter of structural safety in its total context. We have looked at both structural reliability theory in dealing with parameter uncertainty, and its inadequacies in dealing with system uncertainty. In the previous section human error was discussed in relation to structural safety. With these considerations in mind the author has presented a classification of failure types which will be listed again here [96]. The basic types proposed are as follows ... 

Cooper and Leape are not the only authors to understand the importance of human factors and psychology to medical harm and medical error at an early stage. For instance, Marilyn Bogner s 1994 book Human error in medicine contained many insightful and important chapters by David Woods, Richard Cook, NevUle Moray and others James Reason articulated his theory of accidents and discussed its apphcation in medicine in Medical Accidents (Vincent, Ennis and Audley, 1993). Cooper and Leape were, however, particularly important influences and they Ulustrate the more general point that some of the defining characteristics of patient safety are its acceptance of the importance of psychology and the lessons to be learnt from other safety critical industries. 

Literature has many theories and concepts discussing human reliability and associated human error causal factors that always trigger incidents and accidents within safety-critical systems. The main - by definition - characteristics of such safety occurrences are their randonmess, rare predictability, sophisticated, yet vague sequence of propagation. Such characteristics can basically allow for the retrospective analysis of these occurrences and their causes at various sectors and levels within industry such that re-occurrence margins are reduced if not totally eliminated. The major drawback of such reactive treatment... 

Droguett, E. L., Moura, M. C., Jacinto, C. M. Jr., M. F. S. 2008. A semi-Markov model with Bayesian belief network based human error probability for availability assessment of downhole optical monitoring systems. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 16(10) 1713-1727. 

THE JAMES REASON S THEORY-THE EFFECT OF A HUMAN ERROR UPON CAUSES OF AIR ACCIDENTS... 

This theory is based on the assumption that accidents occur due to a chain of events caused by human error. It consists of the following major factors that lead to human error [1,2,20] ... 

The Human Factors Theory is based on the concept that accidents are the result of human error. Factors that cause human error are ... 

In the chapter on Assessing and reducing human error risk. Reason acknowledges that the bulk of his book favors theory rather than practice and that this final chapter seeks to redress the balance by focusing on remedial possibilities. He... 

Rasmussen, j., Duncan, K. and Leplat, j. (Eds.), New Technology and Human Error, Wiley, Chichester (1987). A very valuable book of readings of both theory and practice in human error assessment and control. 

Reason, j.. Human Error, Cambridge Uniyersity Press (1989). An excellent book setting out the theories of a very infiuentiai researcher. 

---