Theories accident

For accident mechanism theory, many domestic and foreign scholars and experts have done much research and put forward a lot of typical accident theory. Such as Domino accident model theory proposed by Heinrich in 1936, Energy transfer accident theory proposed by Gibson in 1961, then derived by Haddon in 1966, Gold mine accident model proposed by Lawrence in 1974, and so on. In domestic, Chen Baozhi put forward the two class of hazard point in 1995, Zhang Li put forward Human error accident model in Complex man-machine system in 1996, He Xueqiu put forward... 

Explain the basic premise of any multiple causation accident theory. 

Understanding these points helps practitioners apply accident theories and models. Accident theories and models provide some insights when investigating accidents or conducting hazard and risk analysis aimed at prevention. 

One can use accident theories and accident sequence models presented earlier in this chapter to help formulate accident prevention strategies. For example, one can apply Haddon s energy theory to prevent accidents and reduce their consequences or one can apply the 4 Ms model to help think through the elements that may lead to accidents in particular situations. 

Identify preventive actions that were possible for the cases. Identify any accident theories or models that helped identify preventive actions. 

There are many theories associated with the causes of accidents, ranging from simple to complex. Some focus on employees and how their action or lack thereof contributes to accidents. Others focus on management and its responsibilities for preventing conditions leading to accidents. Theories are not facts they are tools predicting relationships that 7nay exist in the future. 

Multiple Causation Accident Theories Multiple Factors Theory... 

The first steps in being able to prevent accidents from propagating is to understand the combination of factors that can initiate them, and what causes them to escalate [Ontario 1999]. The generally accepted theories of accident causation, for example Heinrich s domino theory [Heinrich 1931] and Reason s organisational accident theory [Reason 1997] may use different terminology, but they do all have common themes ... 

Haddon, W. (Jr.) (1963). A Note Concerning Accident Theory and Research with Special Reference to Motor Vehicle Accidents. Annals of the NY Academy of Sciences, 107, 635-46. 

The framework of occupational accident theories has changed over the years. At the beginning of the 20th century a worker was believed to be prone to occupational accidents which meant that certain individuals are always more likely than others to sustain accidents, even though exposed to equal risk (Froggatt Smiley 1964). Such a situation caused that the employer did not feel responsible for providing bad working conditions. 

Since the accident reports were prepared in a systematic way by expert accident investigators, in order to uniformly extract the knowledge from all the reports, a framework is needed for reviewing the reports. There are a handful of tools and frameworks available for accident and incident analyzing and reporting (Johnson, 2003), which are mostly based on linear or non-hnear accident theories that deal with complex sodo-technical systems. 

From the way AIB reported the investigation, it is understood that a complex linear accident theory has been utilized for investigating the accidents. Therefore, we have utilized a redefined version of the well established Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework to review these reports. 

Haddon, W. 1963. A note concerning accident theory and research with special reference to motor vehicle accidents. Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences 107 635-646. 

Wolf, E, and E. Bemiker. Validating normal accident theory Chemical accidents, fires and explosions in petroleum refineries. www.plu.edu/ bemike/NormAcc/Validating%20NAT.doc, 1999. 

Rijpma, J.A., 1997. Complexity, tight-coupling and reliability Connecting normal accident theory and high reliability theory. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 5(1) 15-23. 

Recording and categorizing causes of accidents by a safety specialist follows a personal causal accident theory. Both the selection and balancing of contributing factors depends on the specialist s professional background and experience, denoted as the human causal concept. ... 

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