HSE data

These prehminary studies notwithstanding, much more HSE data for ionic liquids wiU be needed in the near future. We anticipate that commercial suppliers will 

In the meantime, we believe that the best prediction of the toxicity of an ionic liquid of type [cation] [anion] can be derived from the often well known toxicity data for the salts [cation]Cl and Na[anion]. Since almost all chemistry in nature takes place in aqueous media, the ions of the ionic liquid can be assumed to be present in dissociated form. Therefore, a reliable prediction of ionic liquids HSE data should be possible from a combination of the known effects of the alkali metal and chloride salts. Already from these, very preliminary, studies, it is clear that HSE considerations will be an important criterion in selection and exclusion of specific ionic liquid candidates for future large-scale, technical applications. 

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G. Offermanns, HSE-Data Survey , Berzelius Stolberg GmbH. Stolberg, 2000. 

There was no explicit assessment of safety culture, in combination with a quantitative evaluation of the HSE environment in the accident reports. Such an assessment could be used to get a collective measure or temperarnre of the priority of safety in the organization, related to best practice . In Itho (2004) there is shown a correlation between the level of safety culture and quantitative incidents/acddents thus safety culture could be used as an indicator of the holes in harriers or the level of erosion of barriers, in combination with quantitative HSE data. A more specific measure tan culture is described by Rundmo (1997) i.e. when an employee in the Norwegian oil and gas industry feels at risk he/she is at risk. A proactive indicator could thus be a workplace survey, measuring risk perceptions or performing a more broadly based assessment of safety culture in combination with other local quantitative indicators such as gas emissions, injuries compared with best practice in the industry. 

A variety of sources of information about railway accidents in Britain is available. The statistics below are derived from two sources, namely Railway Inspectorate and HSE annual reports and BR data. The HSE data are probably the most accessible and simply presented data. This chapter provides a basic and summary picture of the official data. Its intention is to highlight the main... 

Until recently, the NRA has not participated during the approval process in assessing the potential environmental impact of pesticides. However, the NRA does supply monitoring data to MAFF and HSE for pesticide reviews. These occur once a pesticide has been approved for use for a certain length of time, or when further information is needed on an approved pesticide. In supplying these data, the NRA comments on any areas of concern. This contributed to the 1993 ban on the use of atrazine and simazine on non-cropped land. In January 1995 the NRA s National Centre for Toxic and Persistent Substances (TAPS) was made advisor to the DoF, on the potential impact on the aquatic environment of... 

Regulatory and advisory bodies publish methods for ambient air analysis such as those from HSE, the British Standards Institution and NIOSH listed in Table 9.12. Table 9.13 provides additional data on analytical techniques for a selection of substances. 

If not available in published references, the heat of reaction can be calculated from the difference in heats of formation of the reactants and products, as described in any college chemistry text. The accuracy of the calculation obviously depends on knowledge of the reaction products, reaction path and the accuracy of the heat of formation data. Any changes of state (heats of solution, vaporization, etc.) must also be taken into account. Not taking account of these changes of state can have a marked effect on the calculation and may lead to a false sense of security (HSE 2000) or an overestimation of the hazard. 

From the data collected by CSB, 35 percent of the 167 incidents are attributed to runaway reaction hazards. CCPS (1995a, Ch. 2 1995b, Ch. 3), HSE (2000 pp. 15-28), and IChemE (Barton and Rogers, 1997 pp. 20-45) offer guidance on methods for identifying thermal hazards such as runaway reactions. 

Major Hazard Incident Data Service (MHIDAS) Health and Safety Executive, United Kingdom (HSE) Retrieved information... 

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