Howell 1 Reviews

See David Howell review presentation of battery R D activities by DOE/EERE Vehicle Technologies Program fVTP), May 14, 2012 at http //wwwl.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/merit review 2012/plenary/vtpn07 es howell 2012 o.pdf. 

McNicholas L, Howell EF Buprenorphine Clinical Practice Guidelines, Field Review Draft November 17, 2000. Rockville, MD, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Office of Pharmacologic and Alternative Therapies, 2000... 

Both toxins are isoxazole derivatives. In the mushroom, as well as in the eater, ibotenic acid (Figure 3.6a) is decarboxylated to muscimol (Figure 3.6b), which seems to be the active species. Muscimol is an agonist of GABA, and acts on the CNS in a way similar to diazepam. In animal experiments, both ibotenic acid and muscimol caused a decrease in muscle tone and motor activity, and an increase in brain levels of serotonine, but did not affect the cerebellar content of GABA. For a recent review on ibotenic acid and muscimol see Michelot and Melendez-Howell (2003). 

For reviews of triflates. nonaflates. and other fluorinated ester leaving groups, sec Stang I lanack Subramanian Synthesis 1982, 85-126 Howells Me Cown Chem. Rev. 1977, 77, 69-92, pp. 85-87 wCrossland Wells Shiner J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 4217. 

Ethyl trifluoromethanesulphonate [425-75-2] M 178.1, b 115 /atm, 118-120 /atm, d 1.378, Up 1.336. The ester reacts slowly with H2O and aqueous alkali. If its IR has no OH bands (-3000 cm ) then purify by redistillation. If OH bands are present then dilute with dry Et2O and shake (carefully) with aqueous NaHCO3 until effervescence ceases, then wash with H2O and dry (MgSOa), filter, evaporate and distil the residue under slight vacuum then at atmospheric pressure in a N2 atmosphere. IT IS A POWERFUL ALKYLATING AGENT, AND THE FUMES ARE VERY TOXIC - CARRY ALL OPERATIONS IN AN EFFICIENT FUMECUPBOARD. [Gramstad and Hazeldine JCS 173 7956 Howells and McCown Chem Reviews 77 697977]. 

The authors are grateful to P. J. Angevine of Mobil Research and Development Corporation and R. L. Howell and J. G. Reynolds of Chevron Research Company for their careful review of the manuscript. Their comments and suggestions provided valuable guidance. 

A major development in parasitology within recent years has been the increased interest in attempts to culture parasites outside their hosts. A stimulus to this has been the introduction of efficient antibiotics and the general availability of commercially prepared media - both problems which greatly discouraged most early workers from working in this area. Substantial progress in this field has been made and a number of species can now be cultured to maturity or near maturity and several species (e.g. Hymenolepis diminuta) have been cultured through their entire life cycle in vitro. Early work in this field has been reviewed elsewhere (796,800,905). More recent work has been reviewed by Arme (24), Evans (198) and Howell (339). 

The possibility that parasites can synthesise host or host-like antigens raises the question of whether or not parasites can make use of mRNA to synthesise host protein (799) or whether putative molecular mimicry may actually represent cases of host capture by parasites via natural transfection (perhaps by retroviruses ) - a hypothesis reviewed in detail by Howell (338). It has been pointed out earlier (Chapter 8) that there is evidence to suggest that this may have occurred in the sparganum of Spirometra mansonoides, which is capable of synthesising a growth factor with properties resembling those of a mammalian growth hormone (Tables 8.8 (p. 218) and 8.9 (p. 219)). 

This book is intended to make clear the front of the state-of-the art of the nanochemistry of the liquid-liquid interface. The plan to make this book had started from the discussion with Mr. Kenneth Howell of Kluwer Academic Publishers just after the Symposium on Nano-Chemistry in Liquid-Liquid Interfaces at the Pacifichem 2001 held in Hawaii. In the year of2001, the Scientific Research on Priority Areas Nano-Chemistry at the Liquid-Liquid Interfaces (2001-2003) was approved by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. So, it will be timely to review some important studies accomplished in the project and to learn more about the liquid-liquid interfacial science by inviting outstanding researchers through the world as authors. 

For a very nice review on 3D cyanide-based magnets see Miller, J. S. MRS Bull, 2000,11, 60. Howell, B. A. Presented in part at the 15th International Conference on Advances in Additives and Modifiers for Polymers and Blends, Las Vegas, NV, February, 2006. 

Gately DP, Howell SB. Cellular accumulation of the anticancer agent cisplatin A review. Brit. J. Cancer 1993 67 1171-1176. 

There are a number of people that I need to thank for all their efforts without whom this book would have never happened. First and foremost, I need to thank Dr. Ken Howell for his unwavering support, mentorship, and most of all, patience. I would like to thank Professor John T. Yates, Jr. for writing the Foreword. John is an expert in many of the topics discussed in this book, and in my mind, the foremost authority to comment on the diverse set of chapters contained within. All of the authors are commended for their hard work in completing an outstanding selection of chapters. Each chapter in the book was peer-reviewed by at least two individuals and I must thank the 50-t reviewers for their efforts. Lastly, I need to thank my wife. 

In order to suppress fouling, a new concept called the critical flux concept was introduced by Howell and co-workers in the mid-1990s [24,25] and has been subject to a recently published review [26]. This concept describes a permeate flux below which no deposition of colloids and therefore no irreversible fouling occurs. In an early paper. Field et al. defined two types of critical flux the strong form, where the transmembrane pressure (TMP) deviates from a certain point on from the (linear) pure water line and the weak form, where already at the starting point fouling occurs and the TMP-flux relationship is stiU linear but below the pure water line (Fig. 5) [25]. At the critical flux /crit. the TMP-flux relationship becomes nonlinear. 

Without doubt, concanavalin A (Con A) is the most celebrated and has proven to be one of the most useful of the plant lectins. Its physical chemical properties and carbohydratebinding properties are well documented in previous reviews [3,8]. Suffice it to note that it was first isolated and crystallized by Sumner and Howell in 1936, who showed it to require metal ions for its activity [74]. By virtue of its interaction with branched a-D-glucans, it is readily prepared by affinity chromatography on crossed-linked dextran (Sephadex) [75, 76]. A homotetramer at pH 7 (subunit M, = 26 500 Da) of Con A has been sequenced [77] and its crystal structure determined both in its native form [38,39] and complexed with methyl a-D-mannopyranoside [40] and Man(al-3)[Man(al-6)]Man[49]. 

Bott, T.R., 1989, Fouling of heat exchangers a review, in Field, R.W. and Howell, J.A. eds. Process Engineering in the Food Industry. Elsevier Applied Science, London. 

Clemons M, Danson S, Howell A (2002) Tamoxifen ( Nolvadex ) a review. Cancer Treat Rev 28 165-180... 

Danaher M, Howells LC, Crooks SRH, Cerkvenik-Flajs V, O Keeffe M, Review of methodology for the determination of macrocyclic lactone residues in biological matrices, J. Chromatogr. B 2006 844 175-203. 

Xinming, L. Yingde, C. Lloyd, A.W. Mikhalovsky, S.V. Sandeman, S.R. Howel, C.A. Liewen, L. Polymeric hydrogels for novel contact lens-based ophthalmic drug delivery systems A review. Cont. 

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