Hymenolepis diminuta

Polarographic studies of a mitochondrial fraction from Hymenolepis diminuta showed that of four substrates tested, DL-glycerol-3-phosphate was the most rapidly oxidized, but the highest respiratory control ratio (1.7) was obtained with dl-isocitric acid. With isocitrate as substrate oxyclozanide at 1.61 nM stimulated O uptake and relieved oligomycin inhibition of adinosine diphosphate-stimulated respiration, but at concentrations above 2 pM progressively inhibited O uptake. Rafoxanide, niclosamide, 3,4,5-tribromo-salicylanilide, nitroxynil, resorantel, di-chlorophen, and 2,4-dinitrophenol exhibited effects similar to those of oxyclozanide on the respiration in cestode mitochondria. The relative potencies were compared and the possible mode of action discussed [38]. 

Mercer NA, McKelvey JR, Fioravanti CF (1999) Hymenolepis diminuta catalysis of transmembrane proton translocation by mitochondrial NAD PHONAL) transhydrogenase. Exp Parasitol 91 52-58... 

Andreassen, J., Hoole, D. and Befus, D. (1990) Complement-mediated leucocyte adherence of newly excysted and 4-day-old Hymenolepis diminuta. International Journal for Parasitology 20, 905-911. 

Palmas, C., Bortoletti, G., Gabriele, F., Wakelin, D. and Conchedda, M. (1 997) Cytokine production during infection with Hymenolepis diminuta. International Journal for Parasitology 27, 855-859. 

Taylor, K., Kusel, J.R. and Hoole, D. (1997) Membrane fluidity on the surface of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) immunological implications. Parasitology 115, 667-671. 

Wang, A. and McKay, D.M. (2005) Immune modulation by a high molecular weight fraction from the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. Parasitology 130, 575-585. 

Holy, J.M., Oaks, J.A., Mika-Crieve, M. and Grieve, R. (1991) Development and dynamics of regional specialization within the syncytial epidermis of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta. Parasitology... 

Ribeiro, P. and Webb, R.A. (1987) Characterization of a serotonin transporter and an adenylate cyclase-linked serotonin receptor in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta. Life Sciences 40, 755-768. 

Roberts, L.S. (1961) The influence of population density on patterns and physiology of growth in Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda Cyclophyllidea) in the definitive host. Experimental Parasitology 1 1, 332-337. 

Onufriev, M.V., Gulyaeva, N.V., Terenina, N.B., Tolstenkov, O.O. and Gustafsson, M.K. (2005) The effect of a nitric oxide donor on the synthesis of cGMP in Hymenolepis diminuta a radiometric study. Parasitology Research 95, 22-24. 

Osloobi, N. and Webb, R.A. (1999) Localization of a sodium-dependent high-affinity serotonin transporter and recruitment of exogenous serotonin by the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta an autoradiographic and immunohistochemical study. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, 1265-1277. 

Fioravanti, C.F., McKelvey, J.R. and Reisig, J.M. (1 992) Energy-linked mitochondrial pyridine nucleotide tran-shydrogenase of adult Hymenolepis diminuta. Journal of Parasitology 78, 774-778. 

Fioravanti, C.F., Walker, D.J. and Sandhu, P.S. (1 998) Metabolic transition in the development of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). Parasitological Research 84, 777-782. 

Praziquantel is superior for Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) infection. Most patients treated for Hymenolepis diminuta and Dipylidium caninum infections are cured with a 7-day course of treatment a few require a second course. Niclosamide is not effective against cysticercosis or hydatid disease. 

Table 2.1. Molecular weights of proteins and glycoproteins associated with the tegumental brush border of Hymenolepis diminuta. (Data from Knowles Oaks, 1979.) (See also Figs. 6.3 and 6.6)...

Fig. 2.4. Uptake of methionine by Hymenolepis diminuta in Na + or Na+-free fluids of varying pH. (After Lussier et at, 1979.)...

Although some species of cestodes (e.g. Hymenolepis diminuta, p. 236) undergo diurnal migrations within the intestine - and therefore their suckers may not always be in a state of sustained contraction - others (e.g. Echinococcus granulosus) apparently remain in the same place and appear to be able to maintain contraction. How this is achieved physiologically is not known, but it has been speculated that this may operate through a catch muscle mechanism (as in lamellibranchs) or by the involvement of special stretch receptors (796). 

Representative species investigated by these and other techniques such as TEM include the following Dipylidium caninum (755, 756), Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (277,280-283), Echinococcus granulosus (570), Hymenolepis diminuta (462,966), H. microstoma (936, 937, 941, 943), H. nana (202, 206, 966), Mesocestoides sp. (304),... 

In the rat, the presence of Hymenolepis diminuta has a marked lowering effect on the pH 1 h after feeding, the lowest pH reached in the intestine of uninfected rats was found to be 6.4, but that in infected rats fell to < 6 (524, 796), probably due to secretion of organic acids by the worm (Chapter 5). 

Another well-recognised complication in the study of cestode metabolism is the fact that a number of species (e.g. Echinococcus granulosus, Hymenolepis diminuta, Taenia crassiceps) have now been shown to exist as complexes of different strains, which may, often quite considerably, differ in their biochemistry. This important aspect is considered, in depth, in Chapters 5, 6 and 10. Furthermore, there is evidence that parasites from different host species or different strains of host show differences in metabolism, and the sex and circadian rhythm of the host can also influence the biochemistry of the parasite under study (59). 

Table 4.3. Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of neutral and amino sugars of Hymenolepis diminuta eggs and ten-day-old adults. (Data from Robertson et al., 1984j...

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