Host responses to infection

The development of sepsis is complex and multifactorial. The normal host response to infection is designed to localize and control bacterial invasion and initiate repair of injured tissue through phagocytic cells and inflammatory mediators.1 Sepsis... 

Inflammation is the normal host response to infection or injury that mediates immune elimination of pathogens and tissue repair. Inflammatory processes include increased production of cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, and eicosanoids by the innate immune system in conjunction with altered leukocyte homing, all of which greatly impact acquired immunity. Aberrant inflammatory responses evoke both acute injury such... 

Alcami AS, Smith GL. A soluable receptor for interleukin-ip encoded by Vaccinia virus A novel mechanism of virus modulation of the host response to infection. Cell 1992 71 153-167. 

LPS modifications play a role in CAMP resistance and virulence and also influence the host response to infection by altering cell signaling and the release of cytokines and other innate immune factors (Kawasaki et al., 2004b Lee et al., 2004). 

As has been oudined in prior chapters, the immune system is responsible for host responses to infection, and responds in the same way to tissue injury occurring in the body, e.g., as... 

Much research is now aimed toward an understanding of host responses to infection. These responses typically include various resistance mechanisms, toxin effects, induced susceptibility, and race specificity. The present research, and the many... 

IL-1 p is a prototypic inflammatory cytokine that mediates the host response to infection, and its basal systemic levels are relatively constant with age (Di lorio et al., 2003). Various IL-lp-related functions however, like the regulation of acute phase protein (APP) expression in liver appear to be age-dependent. The levels of acute phase reactants increase with age in a variety of species, from... 

The host response to infection is monitored by measurement of serum C-reactive protein levels and antibody development against various GAS antigens (21,22,23,24). C-reactive protein concentrations are determined by ELISA with commercially available anti-C-reactive protein antibodies. Antibody production is assayed by ELISA using purified streptococcal proteins (e.g., SLO Subheading 3.2.2.). 

In relation to lung models of infection, it will be essential to study both the pathogen response and the host response to infection. This was demonstrated very well in a study by Sacfikot et al. (42) where the p47(phox) gene product... 

Keusch, G. T. (1979) Nutrition as a determinant of host response to infection and the metabolic sequellae of infectious diseases, Semin, Infect. Dis. 2 265,... 

Miscellaneous - The anti-tumor effects of nonspecific stimulants of the immune system were first described in 1906 by Coley who reported a series of 31 patients with sarcoma who improved after receiving extracts of hemolytic streptococci and Serratla marcesans.7° In a retrospective study Ruckdeschel found that 50% of the patients with post-operative empyema were alive following surgery for lung cancer compared to a nonempyema control series where the survival was 18%.77 gy excluding patients with metastatic symptoms, the survival rates increased to 73% in the study group compared to 23% in the control. He concluded that the host responses to infection may influence survival in the cancer patient. 

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